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Mapangidwe a microstructure ndi makina katundu mu Chithunzi cha Ti13Nb13Zr ndi njira yovuta yomwe yachititsa chidwi kwambiri pankhani ya sayansi ndi uinjiniya. Titaniyamu yochokera ku titaniyamu iyi, yopangidwa ndi 13% niobium ndi 13% zirconium, yatuluka ngati chinthu chodalirika pazogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, makamaka m'makampani azachipatala. Kumvetsetsa momwe ma microstructure ake apadera komanso makina amapangidwira ndikofunikira kuti akwaniritse bwino ntchito yake ndikukulitsa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito. Mu positi iyi yabulogu, tiwona zovuta za mapangidwe a aloyi a Ti13Nb13Zr ndikuwunikanso mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi okhudza ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zazikulu zomwe zimathandizira ma microstructure a ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr?

Mipangidwe yaying'ono ya ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika, chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pozindikira zomaliza za alloy. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu ndi kapangidwe ka aloyi wokha. Maperesenti enieni a titaniyamu, niobium, ndi zirconium amapanga kuphatikiza kwapadera komwe kumakhudza kusintha kwa gawo ndi kapangidwe kambewu panthawi yokonza.

Zosintha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr zimakhudza kwambiri kapangidwe kake kakang'ono. Izi zikuphatikizapo njira zosungunulira ndi zoponyera, komanso mankhwala otsatizana a thermomechanical. Mwachitsanzo, kuziziritsa panthawi yolimba kumatha kukhudza kwambiri kukula kwambewu ndi kugawa kwa magawo mkati mwa alloy. Kuzizira kofulumira kumabweretsa njere zabwino kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono, pomwe kuziziritsa pang'onopang'ono kumatha kubweretsa njere zazikulu komanso kulekanitsa kwambiri kwa ma alloying.

Chithandizo cha kutentha ndi chinthu china chofunikira pakupanga microstructure ya Zithunzi za Ti13Nb13Zr. Njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira kutentha, monga chithandizo chamankhwala ndi ukalamba, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zisinthe mawonekedwe ndi kugawa. Chithandizo chamankhwala pa kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumatsatiridwa ndi kuzimitsa kumatha kusunga gawo la metastable β, pamene chithandizo cha ukalamba wotsatira chikhoza kulimbikitsa mapangidwe abwino a α precipitates mkati mwa β matrix. Njirayi, yomwe imadziwika kuti kuuma kwa mpweya, imathandizira kuti ma alloy apangidwe bwino.

Kukhalapo kwa zinthu zophatikizika, monga oxygen ndi nayitrogeni, kumathandizanso kwambiri pakupanga ma microstructure. Zinthuzi zimatha kukhazikika gawo la α ndikukhudza kutentha kwa β transus, kupangitsa kusintha kwa gawo panthawi yokonza ndi kutentha. Kuwongolera mosamalitsa zomwe zili mkati mwapakati ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna.

Kuphatikiza apo, mbiri yopunduka yazinthu panthawi yokonza, monga kugwira ntchito yotentha kapena kuzizira, imatha kuyambitsa mphamvu zamagetsi m'dongosolo ndikulimbikitsa kukonzanso ndi kukonza mbewu. Izi zingapangitse kuti mukhale ndi yunifolomu komanso yabwino-grained microstructure, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yofunikira kuti ikhale yabwino pamakina.

Zotsatira za synergistic zazinthu izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale microstructure yovuta yomwe imakhala ndi β matrix yokhala ndi tinthu tating'ono ta α. Kukula, morphology, ndi kugawa magawowa, pamodzi ndi dongosolo lonse la tirigu, zimatsimikizira khalidwe la makina a ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr. Poyang'anira mosamala ndikuwongolera zinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsa izi, ofufuza ndi opanga amatha kusintha mawonekedwe a microstructure kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pazantchito zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi makina a Ti13Nb13Zr ndodo amafananiza bwanji ndi ma alloys ena a titaniyamu?

Ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr zimawonetsa zida zapadera zamakina zomwe zimawasiyanitsa ndi ma aloyi ena a titaniyamu, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera kwambiri pazinthu zina, makamaka m'munda wa zamankhwala. Kuti mumvetsetse momwe zinthuzi zikufananirana, m'pofunika kuganizira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakina ndi kufunikira kwake m'malo osiyanasiyana.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika kwambiri za Zithunzi za Ti13Nb13Zr ndi zotanuka modulus awo otsika poyerekeza ndi ma aloyi ena ambiri a titaniyamu. Elastic modulus, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Young's modulus, ndi muyeso wa kuuma kwa chinthu. Ti13Nb13Zr nthawi zambiri amawonetsa zotanuka modulus mu 60-80 GPa, yomwe ili yotsika kwambiri kuposa ya titaniyamu yoyera yamalonda (pafupifupi 110 GPa) kapena aloyi yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ya Ti6Al4V (110-120 GPa). Modulus yotsika iyi ndiyothandiza pazamankhwala, makamaka pakuyika mafupa, chifukwa imagwirizana kwambiri ndi zotanuka za mafupa amunthu (10-30 GPa). Kufanana kumeneku kumathandizira kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwachitetezo, zomwe zingayambitse kukhazikika kwa mafupa mozungulira ma implants.

Pankhani ya mphamvu, ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa mphamvu zamakina zabwino, ngakhale sizingakhale zokwera ngati ma aloyi ena a titaniyamu. Mphamvu zokolola za Ti13Nb13Zr zimatha kuchokera ku 700 mpaka 1000 MPa, malingana ndi kukonza ndi kutentha kwa mankhwala. Izi zikufanana kapena kutsika pang'ono kuposa Ti6Al4V, yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu zokolola za 800-1100 MPa. Komabe, chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ndi kulemera kwa Ti13Nb13Zr chimakhalabe chabwino kwambiri, ndikuchipangitsa kukhala choyenera kwa mapulogalamu omwe mphamvu zonse ndi zochepa zimafunikira.

Kukana kutopa kwa ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr ndi chinthu china chofunikira, makamaka pazigawo zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi cyclic loading. Ngakhale mphamvu ya kutopa imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mawonekedwe a microstructure ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, Ti13Nb13Zr nthawi zambiri imawonetsa kukana kutopa. Katunduyu ndi wofunikira pakukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso magwiridwe antchito a biomedical.

Kukana kwa kutu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo azachilengedwe. Ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr zikuwonetsa kukana kwa dzimbiri, kufananiza kapena kuposa ma aloyi ena a titaniyamu. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chopanga chitsulo chokhazikika cha oxide pamwamba, chomwe chimateteza zitsulo zapansi kuti zisawonongeke. Kuphatikizika kwa niobium ndi zirconium kumakulitsa khalidwe lachisangalalo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti alloy agwirizane.

Ponena za kukana kuvala, ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa magwiridwe antchito bwino poyerekeza ndi titaniyamu yoyera yamalonda. Komabe, sizingafanane ndi kukana kwa ma aloyi ena a titaniyamu kapena zida za titaniyamu zomwe zimayikidwa pamwamba. Awa ndi malo omwe njira zosinthira pamwamba, monga zokutira za nitriding kapena oxide, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ziwonjezere zovala za Ti13Nb13Zr pazogwiritsa ntchito zina.

The ductility ndi formability wa Zithunzi za Ti13Nb13Zr Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino, zomwe zimalola njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthuzo. Katunduyu, kuphatikiza ndi zotanuka modulus yake yotsika, imapangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwira nayo ntchito pazinthu zina poyerekeza ndi ma aloyi olimba a titaniyamu.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti makina a ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr amatha kusinthidwa pang'onopang'ono pokonza ndi kutentha. Kusinthasintha uku kumathandizira kukhathamiritsa kwazinthu zamapulogalamu enaake, mphamvu yofananira, ductility, ndi zina zomwe zikufunika.

Kodi ntchito zoyambirira za ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr pazachipatala ndi ziti?

Ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr zapeza ntchito zambiri m'makampani azachipatala, makamaka m'mafupa ndi mano, chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwawo kwapadera kwa makina ndi biocompatibility. Ntchito zoyamba za ndodo za alloy muzachipatala ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zikupitilira kukula pamene kafukufuku akupita patsogolo.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zogwiritsira ntchito ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr zili mu implants za mafupa, makamaka m'malo olowa m'malo monga ma prostheses a chiuno ndi mawondo. Modulus yotsika ya alloy iyi, yomwe imafanana kwambiri ndi mafupa amunthu, imapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri pamapulogalamu onyamula katundu awa. Katunduyu amathandizira kuchepetsa zovuta zoteteza kupsinjika, zomwe zingayambitse kukhazikika kwa mafupa mozungulira implant. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa Ti13Nb13Zr m'mapulogalamuwa kungayambitse kuyika kwa nthawi yaitali ndi zotsatira zabwino za odwala.

Zida zophatikizira msana zikuyimira gawo lina lofunikira la ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr. Zidazi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zikhazikitse msana ndikulimbikitsa kuphatikizika pakati pa ma vertebrae, zimapindula ndi kuphatikiza kwa mphamvu ya alloy ndi biocompatibility. Ndodo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina osiyanasiyana ophatikizira msana, kuphatikiza zomangira za pedicle screw ndi ma interbody fusion cages. Zomwe zili ndi zinthuzo zimalola kupanga ma implants omwe amapereka chithandizo chokwanira ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa minofu.

M'munda wamano, Zithunzi za Ti13Nb13Zr amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga implants za mano. Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a alloy osseointegration, kuphatikizapo kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi mphamvu zamakina, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kukonzanso mano kwa nthawi yayitali. Ma implants a mano opangidwa kuchokera ku Ti13Nb13Zr angapereke maziko okhazikika a mano opangira mano, kupatsa odwala njira yokhazikika komanso yogwirizana ndi dzino.

Zida zopangira fracture, monga mafupa a mafupa ndi misomali ya intramedullary, zimayimira ntchito ina yofunika kwambiri ya ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr. Zidazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zikhazikitse mafupa osweka ndikulimbikitsa machiritso. Mphamvu ya alloy ndi kukana kutopa zimatsimikizira kuti zida zokonzera zimatha kupirira zolemetsa zamakina zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi machiritso a mafupa, pomwe biocompatibility yake imachepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta.

Ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zida zosiyanasiyana zopangira opaleshoni. Kukaniza kwa dzimbiri kwa zinthuzo komanso kuthekera kosunga chakuthwa kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera zida zomwe zimafunikira kutsekereza mobwerezabwereza komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe osakhala a maginito a alloy amalola kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimagwirizana ndi njira zamaginito zamaginito (MRI).

Pankhani ya mankhwala a mtima, Ti13Nb13Zr yapeza ntchito popanga zigawo za mtima valve ndi stents. The aloyiyo kukana dzimbiri bwino mu madzi zamoyo ndi hemocompatibility ake kumapangitsa kukhala oyenera ntchito zofunika izi kumene ntchito yaitali ndi biocompatibility n'kofunika.

Monga kafukufuku wamankhwala obwezeretsanso komanso kupita patsogolo kwa uinjiniya wa minofu, ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr zikufufuzidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mu scaffolds ndi ma tempuleti okonzanso minofu. Kuthekera kwa zinthuzo komanso kuthekera kopangidwa kukhala ma porous kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yodalirika kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pomwe kulowetsedwa kwa minofu kumafunika.

Kugwiritsa ntchito Ti13Nb13Zr pazida zamankhwala kumapitilira kupitilira zoyika zachikhalidwe ndi zida. Aloyiyo ikufufuzidwanso kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito m'machitidwe operekera mankhwala, momwe kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri ndi biocompatibility kungathe kuthandizidwa kuti apange malo osungiramo mankhwala omwe amatha kukhala nawo kwa nthawi yaitali kapena njira zotulutsidwa.

Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo za Ti13Nb13Zr m'makampani azachipatala sikungokhala pazinthu zapashelufu. Katundu wa alloy amalola kuti pakhale ma implants okhazikika, okhudzana ndi odwala kudzera munjira zapamwamba zopangira monga kusindikiza kwa 3D. Kuthekera kumeneku kumatsegula mwayi watsopano wamankhwala amunthu payekha komanso maopaleshoni ovuta okonzanso.

Pamene kafukufuku akupitilira ndi njira zopangira zikusintha, ntchito za Zithunzi za Ti13Nb13Zr m'makampani azachipatala akuyembekezeka kukula kwambiri. Kupititsa patsogolo njira zosinthira pamwamba ndi zida zophatikizika kuphatikiza Ti13Nb13Zr zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale zida zachipatala zapamwamba kwambiri zokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito komanso kuyanjana kwachilengedwe.

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