ERTi-23 waya wa titaniyamu, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Grade 23 titaniyamu kapena Ti-6Al-4V ELI, ndi zinthu zogwira ntchito kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazachipatala chifukwa cha biocompatibility yake yabwino, kukana kwa dzimbiri, komanso makina. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pazida zamankhwala ndi ma implants ndikutha kupirira njira zolera popanda kusokoneza kukhulupirika kapena magwiridwe antchito. Tsamba ili labulogu likuwunika momwe waya wa ERTi-23 titaniyamu amagwirira ntchito panjira zosiyanasiyana zotsekera, kuthana ndi zovuta zazikulu ndikuwunikira zabwino zake pazachipatala.
Waya wa Gr23 ERTi-23 wa titaniyamu wamankhwala umapereka zabwino zambiri pazida zolumikizidwa, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chokondedwa m'makampani azachipatala. Mapangidwe ake apadera a titaniyamu osakanikirana ndi 6% aluminiyamu ndi 4% vanadium, okhala ndi zinthu zotsika kwambiri (ELI), amapereka mphamvu, ductility, ndi biocompatibility.
Chimodzi mwazabwino zazikulu za waya wa ERTi-23 titaniyamu ndi kuchuluka kwake kwamphamvu ndi kulemera kwake. Katunduyu amalola kupanga ma implants opepuka koma olimba, kuchepetsa kulemedwa konse kwa thupi la wodwalayo ndikuwonetsetsa kudalirika kwanthawi yayitali. Mphamvu zazikulu zazinthuzi zimathandiziranso kupanga zida zazing'ono, zovuta kwambiri zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimatsogolera kunthawi yochira mwachangu komanso kuchepetsa zovuta za opaleshoni.
Phindu lina lalikulu la waya wa titaniyamu wa ERTi-23 ndikuti ndi biocompatibility yake yabwino kwambiri. Thupi la munthu limavomereza titaniyamu mosavuta, popanda chiopsezo chochepa cha kusagwirizana kapena kukanidwa. Biocompatibility iyi imakulitsidwanso mu Grade 23 titaniyamu chifukwa cha dzina lake la ELI, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ili ndi zonyansa zochepa monga mpweya, nayitrogeni, ndi chitsulo. Kuchepa kwa zinthu izi kumachepetsa kuthekera kwa kukhudzidwa kwa minofu ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a nthawi yayitali a implants.
Kulimbana ndi dzimbiri ndi mwayi wina wofunikira ERTi-23 waya wa titaniyamu. Ikakumana ndi madzi am'thupi ndi minofu, izi zimapanga wosanjikiza wokhazikika, wosasunthika wa okusayidi pamwamba pake, ndikuuteteza kuti zisawonongeke. Katunduyu amawonetsetsa kuti ma implants opangidwa kuchokera ku waya wa ERTi-23 titaniyamu amasunga kukhulupirika kwawo ndikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchepetsa kufunika kokonzanso maopaleshoni ndikuwongolera zotulukapo za odwala.
Kuthekera kwazinthu zophatikizika ndi osseointegrate ndi mwayi winanso pazida zolumikizidwa. Waya wa titaniyamu wa ERTi-23 umalimbikitsa kuyika kwa mafupa ndi kumamatira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma implants amphamvu, okhazikika m'mafupa ndi mano. Katunduyu ndiwopindulitsa makamaka pazida monga zoikamo mano, zolowa m'malo olumikizirana mafupa, ndi mazenera ophatikizana ndi msana, pomwe kugwirizana kolimba pakati pa implant ndi mafupa ozungulira ndikofunikira kuti zinthu ziyende bwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, waya wa titaniyamu wa ERTi-23 amawonetsa kukana kutopa kwambiri, komwe ndikofunikira kuti ma implants omwe amadzaza ndi cyclic, monga ma stents amtima kapena ma implants a mafupa. Chikhalidwe ichi chimatsimikizira kuti zipangizo zimasungira zinthu zawo zamakina ndi kukhulupirika kwapangidwe ngakhale pansi pa kupsinjika mobwerezabwereza, zomwe zimathandiza kuti moyo wawo ukhale wautali komanso wodalirika.
Pankhani ya manufacturability, waya wa titaniyamu wa ERTi-23 umapereka mawonekedwe abwino ndi machinability, kulola kuti pakhale mawonekedwe ndi mapangidwe ovuta. Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumathandizira opanga zida zamankhwala kupanga zatsopano, zoikamo za odwala zomwe zimatha kuthana ndi zosowa zamunthu payekha ndikuwongolera zotsatira zamankhwala.
Pomaliza, mawonekedwe osakhala a ferromagnetic a waya wa ERTi-23 titaniyamu amawapangitsa kuti azigwirizana ndi njira zamaginito zamaginito (MRI). Katunduyu ndi wofunikira kwambiri chifukwa MRI imakhala yofala kwambiri pakuzindikira komanso kutsata chisamaliro chotsatira, kulola odwala omwe ali ndi titaniyamu kuti akwaniritse njira zojambulira izi mosamala komanso osasokoneza mtundu wazithunzi.
ERTi-23 waya wa titaniyamu amawonetsa kugwirizanirana bwino ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zotsekera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani azachipatala. Kumvetsetsa momwe nkhaniyi imagwirira ntchito pamachitidwe osiyanasiyana oletsa kubereka ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti zida zachipatala ndi zoikamo zili zotetezeka.
Kutsekereza kwa nthunzi, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti autoclaving, ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochotsa zida zachipatala. Waya wa titaniyamu wa ERTi-23 amawonetsa kukana kwapadera pakutentha kwambiri, kupanikizika kwambiri. Chosanjikiza chokhazikika cha oxide chazinthucho chimakhalabe chokhazikika panthawi ya autoclaving, kulepheretsa kusintha kwakukulu pamawonekedwe ake apamwamba kapena mawonekedwe amakina. Kukhazikika kumeneku kumawonetsetsa kuti zida zopangidwa kuchokera ku waya wa ERTi-23 titaniyamu zimasunga kukhulupirika kwawo komanso kuyanjana kwachilengedwe ngakhale zitangozungulira mobwerezabwereza.
Kutsekereza kwa ethylene oxide (EtO) ndi njira ina yodziwika bwino, makamaka pazida zomwe sizimva kutentha. Waya wa titaniyamu wa ERTi-23 amawonetsa kuyanjana kwabwino ndi kutsekereza kwa EtO, popanda zotsatirapo zoyipa pazakuthupi kapena zamankhwala. Zinthuzo sizimamwa kapena kuchitapo kanthu ndi mpweya wa ethylene oxide, kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe zotsalira zovulaza zomwe zimatsalira pamtunda pambuyo pochotsa choletsa. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumapangitsa waya wa ERTi-23 titaniyamu kukhala woyenera pazida zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala zomwe zimafuna njira zochepetsera kutentha pang'ono.
Gamma irradiation ndi njira yotseketsa yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamankhwala zogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi ndi ma implants. Waya wa titaniyamu wa ERTi-23 amawonetsa kukana kwambiri ku zotsatira za radiation ya gamma. Mosiyana ndi ma polima kapena zida zina zomwe zimatha kutsitsa kapena kusintha katundu zikakumana ndi ma radiation ambiri, ERTi-23 waya wa titaniyamu imasunga umphumphu wake wamapangidwe ndi makina. Kukana kusintha kochititsidwa ndi cheza uku kumapangitsa kukhala chisankho choyenera kwa ma implants ndi zida zomwe zimafuna kutsekereza kwa gamma.
Kutsekereza kwa hydrogen peroxide m'madzi a m'madzi ndi njira yotsika kutentha yomwe imadziwika kwambiri pakuletsa kwazida zamankhwala. Waya wa titaniyamu wa ERTi-23 amawonetsa kuyanjana kwabwino ndi njirayi, osasintha kwambiri mawonekedwe ake apamwamba kapena magwiridwe ake onse. Kukaniza kwa zinthu ku oxidation kumathandizira kupewa zovuta zilizonse panthawi yoletsa kutseketsa kwa plasma, kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zimasunga zomwe akufuna.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ngakhale waya wa ERTi-23 titaniyamu umagwira ntchito bwino m'njira zosiyanasiyana zotsekera, kusankha kwa njira yolera kuyenera kuganiziranso kapangidwe kake kachipangizo, zida zilizonse zowonjezera zomwe zilipo, ndi zowongolera. Mwachitsanzo, zida zokhala ndi ma geometries ovuta kapena zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zomwe sizimva kutentha zingafunike njira zochepetsera kutentha pang'ono, ngakhale waya wa titaniyamu amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri.
Nthawi zina, njira zophatikizira zoletsa zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zida zovuta zichotsedwe. Kusinthasintha kwa waya wa titaniyamu wa ERTi-23 kumapangitsa kuti athe kupirira masitepe ambiri osasokoneza katundu wake kapena magwiridwe ake.
Poganizira zotsatira za nthawi yayitali zozungulira mobwerezabwereza, waya wa ERTi-23 titaniyamu ukupitiriza kusonyeza ntchito yabwino. Mosiyana ndi zida zina zomwe zingawonetse kuwonongeka kapena kusintha kwa zinthu pakapita nthawi, waya wa ERTi-23 titaniyamu amakhalabe ndi mawonekedwe ake ngakhale atazungulira kangapo. Kulimba kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri pazida zamankhwala zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito, pomwe magwiridwe antchito ndi chitetezo ndizofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa chipangizocho.
Posankha njira yolera yotseketsa pazida zamankhwala zopangidwa ndi ERTi-23 waya wa titaniyamu, zinthu zingapo zofunika ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo, mphamvu, ndi moyo wautali wa mankhwala. Ngakhale waya wa ERTi-23 titaniyamu pawokha umalimbana kwambiri ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zotsekera, kapangidwe kake kachipangizo ndi cholinga chake zimagwira ntchito yayikulu pakuzindikira njira yoyenera kwambiri yolera.
Choyamba, zovuta ndi kapangidwe ka chipangizocho ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Ngakhale waya wa titaniyamu wa ERTi-23 amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri, zigawo zina za chipangizocho, monga ma polima, zomatira, kapena zinthu zamagetsi, zimatha kupirira kutentha pang'ono. Zikatero, njira zochepetsera kutentha pang'ono monga ethylene oxide kapena hydrogen peroxide plasma zitha kukhala zoyenera kuteteza kukhulupirika kwa zigawo zonse za chipangizocho.
Chinthu chinanso chofunika kwambiri ndicho kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi. Zipangizo zoyikika, mwachitsanzo, zingafunike njira zolimba kwambiri zoletsa kuti munthu akwaniritse mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa sterility assurance (SAL). Mosiyana ndi izi, zida zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kunja kapena kukhudzana kwakanthawi kochepa ndi thupi zitha kukhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zoletsa kubereka. Kusankha njira yoletsa kutseketsa kuyenera kugwirizana ndi gulu lachiwopsezo cha chipangizocho komanso mulingo wa sterility wofunikira kuti wodwala atetezeke.
Zofunikira pakuwongolera ndi malangizo zimagwira ntchito yayikulu pakusankha njira zotsekera. Madera osiyanasiyana ndi mabungwe owongolera amatha kukhala ndi zofunikira kapena zokonda zamitundu ina yazida zamankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, maulamuliro ena angafunike maphunziro otsimikizira njira zina zoletsera kapena kulamula njira zina zamagulu ena azipangizo. Kutsatira malamulowa ndikofunikira kuti avomereze msika komanso chitetezo cha odwala.
Njira zopangira ndi kuchuluka kwa zopangira ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa. Njira zina zotsekera, monga kuyitsa kwa gamma, ndizoyenera kupanga zazikulu ndipo zitha kuchitidwa chipangizocho chikaikidwa. Zina, monga kutsekereza kwa nthunzi, zitha kukhala zoyenera pamagulu ang'onoang'ono kapena zida zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Kusankha njira yoletsa kutsekereza kumatha kukhudza magwiridwe antchito, mtengo, komanso nthawi yogulitsa, zonse zomwe ndizofunikira kwa opanga zida zamankhwala.
Kugwirizana kwazinthu kumapitilira kupitilira ERTi-23 waya wa titaniyamu. Zotikira zilizonse, zochizira pamwamba, kapena zida zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachidacho ziyeneranso kugwirizana ndi njira yolera yoletsa. Mwachitsanzo, njira zina zochizira pamwamba zimatha kukhala zokhudzidwa ndi njira zina zotsekera, zomwe zimatha kusintha mawonekedwe kapena magwiridwe antchito a chipangizocho.
Nthawi ya alumali ndi kusungirako kwa chipangizo chosawilitsidwa ndizofunikira. Njira zina zotsekera zimatha kukhudza zoyikapo kapena zimafuna malo enaake osungira kuti asunge sterility. Njira yosankhidwayo iwonetsetse kuti chipangizocho chikhalabe chopanda pashelufu nthawi yonse yomwe ikufunidwa kuti chisungidwe bwino.
Kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe ndi chitetezo cha kuntchito ndizinthu zofunika kwambiri posankha njira zolera. Ngakhale waya wa ERTi-23 titaniyamu pawokha ndi wokonda zachilengedwe, njira zina zotsekereza, monga ethylene oxide, zimafunikira kugwiridwa mosamala komanso kuwongolera mosamalitsa kutulutsa. Malo opangira chithandizo chamankhwala ndi opanga akuganizira mochulukira za njira zosamalira zachilengedwe ngati zingatheke.
Kuthekera kwa kusintha kwa zinthu kapena kuwonongeka pakadutsa kangapo kotsekera kuyenera kuwunikidwa, makamaka pazida zomwe zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Ngakhale waya wa titaniyamu wa ERTi-23 amasunga katundu wake bwino, kuwonetseredwa mobwerezabwereza ku njira zina zotsekera kumatha kukhudza zida zina kapena mawonekedwe apamtunda pakapita nthawi.
Pomaliza, mtengo ndi nthawi yabwino ya njira yotsekera ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Njira zina, monga kutsekereza kwa ma radiation, zitha kukhala zachangu komanso zotsika mtengo popanga zazikulu, pomwe zina zitha kukhala zoyenera pamagulu ang'onoang'ono kapena ntchito zapadera. Kuyanjanitsa zinthu zachuma izi ndi zofunikira zachitetezo ndi zogwira mtima ndikofunikira kuti zida zachipatala zizikhazikika.
Pomaliza, ERTi-23 titanium waya wochita bwino kwambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana zoletsa kupangitsa kuti ikhale chida choyenera pazida zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala ndi ma implants. Kutha kwake kusunga umphumphu wake, biocompatibility, ndi makina amakina panjira zosiyanasiyana zoletsa kumapatsa opanga zida zachipatala kusinthasintha pakupanga ndi kupanga. Komabe, kusankha njira yoyenera kwambiri yotsekera pazida zopangidwa ndi waya wa ERTi-23 titaniyamu kumafuna kuganizira mozama zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza zovuta za chipangizocho, zofunikira pakuwongolera, kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe, ndi zomwe zimafunikira nthawi yayitali. Poganizira izi, opanga amatha kutsimikizira chitetezo, mphamvu, komanso moyo wautali wawo ERTi-23 waya wa titaniyamu zipangizo, potsirizira pake zimathandizira kuti zotsatira za odwala zikhale bwino komanso kupititsa patsogolo luso lachipatala.
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Zothandizira:
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TS EN ISO 9-11137: 1 Kutseketsa kwa zinthu zazaumoyo - Ma radiation - Gawo 2006: Zofunikira pakukula, kutsimikizira ndi kuwongolera mwachizolowezi njira yoletsa kubereka pazida zamankhwala
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