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Gulu 1 (Gr1) Titanium Bar imadziwika ndi kuyera kwake kwapadera, kukana dzimbiri, komanso chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ndi kulemera kwake. Njira yopangira Gr1 Titanium Bar ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti ndi yapamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa imakhudza mwachindunji momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito. Cholemba chabuloguchi chikuwunikira zovuta za kupanga Gr1 Titanium Bar, ndikuwunika masitepe ndi malingaliro omwe amathandizira kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri.

Ndi masitepe otani ofunikira popanga Gr1 Titanium Bar?

Kupanga kwapamwamba kwambiri Gr1 Titaniyamu Bar imaphatikizapo masitepe angapo omwe amayendetsedwa mosamala, chilichonse chofunikira kuti akwaniritse zomwe mukufuna. Njirayi imayamba ndikuchotsa titaniyamu kuchokera ku miyala yake, makamaka rutile ndi ilmenite. Miyendo imeneyi imapangidwa mosiyanasiyana kuti ipangitse siponji ya titaniyamu, yomwe imakhala ngati zopangira kuti zipitirire kukonzedwa.

Siponji ya titaniyamu imasungunuka m'malo opanda mpweya kapena mumlengalenga pogwiritsa ntchito ng'anjo ya ma elekitironi kapena ng'anjo ya vacuum arc remelting (VAR). Gawo lofunikirali limathandizira kuchotsa zonyansa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti titaniyamu ikhale yoyera kwambiri. Titaniyamu yosungunuka imaponyedwa mu ingots, zomwe pambuyo pake zimapangidwira kapena kukulungidwa m'mipiringidzo.

Njira yopangira kapena kugubuduza imachitika pamalo otentha kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 800-950 ° C, kuti zinthuzo zizigwira ntchito bwino. Gawo logwira ntchito lotenthali limathandizira kukonzanso kapangidwe kambewu ndikuwonjezera makina a titaniyamu. Kuwongolera mosamala kutentha ndi kusinthika kwamitengo ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse ma microstructure omwe mukufuna ndikupewa zolakwika.

Kutsatira siteji yotentha yogwira ntchito, mipiringidzo ya titaniyamu imalandira chithandizo chambiri cha kutentha. Mankhwalawa, kuphatikiza kuziziritsa ndi kuchepetsa kupsinjika, amathandizira kukhathamiritsa kwa zinthuzo pochotsa kupsinjika kwamkati ndikukwaniritsa mphamvu zomwe zikufunidwa.

Njira zomaliza pakupanga zinthu zimaphatikizapo chithandizo chapamwamba komanso njira zoyendetsera bwino. Njira zomalizitsira pamwamba monga kugaya, kupukuta, kapena mphero zamankhwala zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zapamtunda komanso zolondola kwambiri. Kuyang'ana mokhazikika kwaubwino, kuphatikiza mayeso owonera, kuyang'ana mawonekedwe, ndi njira zoyesera zosawononga monga kuyesa kwa ultrasonic kapena kuyesa kwa eddy pano, kuwonetsetsa kuti ma Gr1 Titanium Bars akukwaniritsa miyezo yokhazikika.

Pa nthawi yonse yopangira zinthu, kuwongolera mosamalitsa magawo azinthu, ukhondo, ndi kupewa kuipitsidwa ndikofunikira. Kusamalitsa mwatsatanetsatane uku kumatsimikizira kuti ma Bars apamwamba kwambiri a Gr1 a Titanium omwe ali ndi katundu wokhazikika komanso magwiridwe antchito.

Kodi kuyeretsedwa kwa zida kumakhudza bwanji mtundu wa Gr1 Titanium Bar?

Kuyeretsedwa kwa zopangira kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuzindikira mtundu womaliza wa Gr1 Titaniyamu Bar. Grade 1 Titaniyamu imadziwika ndi chiyero chake chachikulu, chokhala ndi malire okhwima pa zonyansa. Zopangira zoyambira, siponji ya titaniyamu, ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zenizeni kuti zitsimikizire kupanga kwapamwamba kwa Gr1 Titanium Bar.

Zowonongeka muzinthu zopangira zimatha kukhudza kwambiri katundu ndi ntchito yomaliza. Zonyansa zodziwika bwino mu titaniyamu zimaphatikizapo mpweya, nayitrogeni, kaboni, chitsulo, ndi haidrojeni. Chilichonse mwazinthu izi chimatha kukhudza momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito, kukana kwa dzimbiri, komanso magwiridwe antchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Oxygen ndi nayitrogeni, mwachitsanzo, amatha kuwonjezera mphamvu ya titaniyamu komanso kuchepetsa ductility ndi kulimba kwake. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa zinthu zophatikizika izi kumatha kupangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zosavuta kusweka ndi kupsinjika. Mpweya ukhoza kupanga titaniyamu carbides, zomwe zimatha kukhala ngati zolimbikitsa kupsinjika ndikuchepetsa kukana kutopa kwa zinthu.

Iron, ngakhale nthawi zina imawonjezeredwa mwadala pang'ono kuti ikhale yolimba, imatha kuwononga mochulukirachulukira. Ikhoza kupanga intermetallic mankhwala kuti kuchepetsa dzimbiri kukana dzimbiri ndi ductility. Hydrogen, ngakhale pang'ono, ingayambitse kutsekemera kwa haidrojeni, chinthu chomwe chingayambitse kulephera kwadzidzidzi komanso koopsa kwa zinthu zomwe zili pansi pa kupsinjika maganizo.

Kuti atsimikizire mtundu wa Gr1 Titanium Bar, opanga amagwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera zowongolera pakupanga zinthu. Izi zikuphatikiza kusanthula mosamala kwa siponji ya titaniyamu kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika, kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwamankhwala azinthu zomwe zikubwera, komanso kutsatira mosamalitsa zomwe zidapangidwa.

Njira zamakono zosungunula, monga vacuum arc remelting (VAR) kapena electron beam melting (EBM), zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa titaniyamu panthawi yopanga. Njirazi zimathandizira kuchotsa zinyalala zosasunthika ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ziphatikizidwe mosiyanasiyana mu ingot.

Kufunika kwa chiyero cha zinthu zopangira sikupitilira kungokwaniritsa zolembedwa. Zimakhudzanso kusasinthika ndi kuberekanso kwa njira yopangira. Zopangira zoyera kwambiri zimalola kuwongolera bwino kwa microstructure ndi katundu wake, zomwe zimapangitsa Gr1 Titanium Bars ndi magwiridwe antchito okhazikika komanso odziwikiratu.

Opanga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirira kuti azitsata zopangira nthawi yonse yopanga. Izi zimalola kuzindikirika ndi kudzipatula kwazinthu zilizonse zomwe zingachitike zokhudzana ndi magulu enaake azinthu zopangira, kuwonetsetsa kuti Ma bar a Gr1 a Titanium apamwamba okha ndi omwe amafika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.

Ndi njira ziti zowongolera khalidwe zomwe zili zofunika popanga Gr1 Titanium Bar?

Kuwongolera kwapamwamba ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri popanga Gr1 Titanium Bar, kuwonetsetsa kuti chomaliza chikukwaniritsa zofunikira zamakina, kulondola kwa mawonekedwe, ndi mtundu wamtunda. Dongosolo lathunthu loyang'anira khalidwe labwino limaphatikizapo magawo osiyanasiyana akupanga, kuyambira pakuwunika kwazinthu zopangira mpaka kuyesa komaliza.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyamba zowongolera pakupanga kwa Gr1 Titanium Bar ndikuwunika ndikuyesa zida. Izi zikuphatikizapo kusanthula kwa mankhwala a siponji ya titaniyamu ndi ma alloying aliwonse kuti atsimikizire kapangidwe kake ndi kuyera kwake. Otsatsa amafunikira kuti apereke ziphaso zowunikira, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndikuyesa m'nyumba.

Panthawi yosungunuka ndi kupanga ingot, magawo a ndondomeko monga vacuum levels, kusungunuka kwa madzi, ndi kuzizira kumayang'aniridwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa. Izi magawo mwachindunji zimakhudza microstructure ingot ndi mankhwala homogeneity. Zitsanzo zochokera ku ingot iliyonse zimatha kuyesedwa ndi mankhwala ndi kufufuza kwa microstructural kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zikutsatira ndondomeko.

Pamene ingot imasinthidwa kukhala mawonekedwe a bar pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira kapena zogubuduza, njira zoyendetsera khalidwe zimayang'ana pa kusunga kutentha koyenera ndi mitengo yosinthika. Zinthu izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukwaniritsa kapangidwe ka tirigu ndi makina amakina. Kuyang'anira m'ntchito kungaphatikizepo kuyang'ana mozama ndi kuyang'ana pamwamba kuti muwone zolakwika kapena zosagwirizana.

Njira zochizira kutentha zimayendetsedwa mosamala ndikuwunika kuti zitsimikizire kuti Gr1 Titanium Bars kukwaniritsa zofunika makina katundu. Kuyezetsa pambuyo pa kutentha kumaphatikizapo kuyezetsa kuuma, kuyezetsa kulimba, ndi kuyesa zotsatira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zinthuzo zikukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zatchulidwa, ductility, ndi kulimba kwake.

Njira zoyesera zosawononga (NDT) zimakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera kwabwino kwa ma Gr1 Titanium Bars. Kuyesa kwa ultrasonic kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire zolakwika zamkati monga voids, inclusions, kapena ming'alu yomwe singawonekere pamwamba. Mayeso apano a Eddy amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire zolakwika zapamtunda ndi pafupi ndi pamwamba, komanso kutsimikizira zomwe zidapangidwa.

Ubwino wapamwamba ndi gawo lina lofunikira pakupanga kwa Gr1 Titanium Bar. Kuyang'ana kowoneka kumachitidwa kuti azindikire zolakwika zapamtunda, ndipo kuyang'ana kowoneka bwino kumatsimikizira kuti mipiringidzo imakwaniritsa zololera zofunika. Muyezo wa makulidwe a pamwamba ukhoza kuchitidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikutsatiridwa ndi zomaliza.

Kusanthula kwamankhwala kwa chinthu chomaliza kumachitidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti zomwe zidapangidwazo zikugwera m'migawo yodziwika ya Gr1 Titanium. Izi zitha kuphatikizira njira zowonera zowonera kapena zojambula za X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.

Zolemba ndi kutsata ndizomwe zili zofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera khalidwe. Gulu lililonse la Gr1 Titanium Bar nthawi zambiri limapatsidwa nambala yapadera yomwe imalola kuti anthu azitha kufufuza m'mbiri yake yonse. Izi zikuphatikizanso zambiri zamagulu azinthu zopangira, magawo opangira, kayendedwe kachithandizo cha kutentha, ndi zotsatira zoyesa.

Pomaliza, opanga ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera ma statistical process (SPC) kuti aziwunika ndikuwongolera kusinthasintha kwa kupanga kwawo kwa Gr1 Titanium Bar. Powunika momwe zinthu zikuyendera komanso ma metrics apamwamba, opanga amatha kuzindikira mipata yopititsira patsogolo ndondomekoyi ndikukhalabe ndi khalidwe lazogulitsa.

Kutsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi zomwe zanenedwa, monga ASTM B348 pazogulitsa za titaniyamu, ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera khalidwe. Miyezo iyi imatanthauzira zofunikira zochepa pakupanga mankhwala, mawonekedwe amakina, ndi kulolerana kocheperako zomwe Gr1 Titanium Bars ayenera kukwaniritsa.

Pomaliza, kupanga apamwamba kwambiri Gr1 Titaniyamu Bar Ndi njira yovuta yomwe imafuna kuwongolera mosamala pagawo lililonse, kuyambira pakusankha zinthu zopangira mpaka kuyesa komaliza. Pokhazikitsa njira zowongolera zowongolera bwino, opanga amatha kuwonetsetsa kuti Malo awo a Gr1 Titanium Bars akukwaniritsa nthawi zonse miyezo yapamwamba yofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga zakuthambo, zamankhwala, ndi kukonza mankhwala. Kuphatikiza kwa njira zapamwamba zopangira, kuwongolera mosamalitsa ndondomeko, ndi mapulogalamu otsimikizira kuti ali ndi khalidwe labwino kumapangitsa kuti ma Gr1 Titanium Bars omwe amapereka chiyero chapadera, mphamvu, ndi kukana dzimbiri, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ofunikira kwambiri pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana ovuta.

Ku SHAANXI CXMET TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD, timanyadira zamitundu yathu yayikulu, yomwe imathandizira zosowa zosiyanasiyana zamakasitomala. Kampani yathu ili ndi luso lapadera lopanga ndi kukonza, kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zathu ndi zapamwamba komanso zolondola. Ndife odzipereka pazatsopano ndipo timayesetsa mosalekeza kupanga zinthu zatsopano, kutipangitsa kukhala patsogolo pamakampani athu. Ndi luso lotsogola laukadaulo, timatha kusintha ndikusintha msika womwe ukusintha mwachangu. Kuphatikiza apo, timapereka mayankho osinthika kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zamakasitomala athu. Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi zinthu zathu kapena mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zazomwe timapereka, chonde musazengereze kutilankhula nafe pa sales@cxmet.com. Gulu lathu limakhala lokonzeka nthawi zonse kukuthandizani.

Zothandizira

1. ASTM International. (2022). ASTM B348 - Mafotokozedwe Okhazikika a Titanium ndi Titanium Alloy Bars ndi Billets.

2. Lutjering, G., & Williams, JC (2007). Titaniyamu (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

3. Froes, FH (Mkonzi.). (2015). Titaniyamu: Physical Metallurgy, Processing, and Applications. ASM International.

4. Boyer, R., Welsch, G., & Collings, EW (Eds.). (1994). Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys. ASM International.

5. Donachie, MJ (2000). Titaniyamu: A Technical Guide (2nd ed.). ASM International.

6. Peters, M., Hemptenmacher, J., Kumpfert, J., & Leyens, C. (2003). Titaniyamu ndi Titaniyamu Aloyi: Zofunika ndi Ntchito. Wiley-VCH.

7. Qian, M., & Froes, FH (Eds.). (2015). Titanium Powder Metallurgy: Sayansi, Ukadaulo ndi Ntchito. Butterworth-Heinemann.

8. Banerjee, D., & Williams, JC (2013). Malingaliro pa Titanium Science and Technology. Acta Materialia, 61(3), 844-879.

9. Leyens, C., & Peters, M. (Eds.). (2003). Titaniyamu ndi Titaniyamu Aloyi: Zofunika ndi Ntchito. Wiley-VCH.

10. Faller, K., & Froes, FH (2001). Kugwiritsa ntchito titaniyamu pamagalimoto apabanja: zomwe zikuchitika pano. JOM, 53(4), 27-28.