chidziwitso

Gulu 5 titaniyamu alloy, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Ti-6Al-4V, ndi alloy yamphamvu kwambiri ya titaniyamu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga, zamankhwala, ndi mafakitale. Njira yopangira machubu a aloyi a Grade 5 titaniyamu imaphatikizapo njira zingapo zovuta, kuphatikiza njira zapamwamba zazitsulo ndi umisiri wolondola. Cholemba chabulogu ichi chiwunika momwe machubu ogwirira ntchito kwambiriwa amagwirira ntchito ndikuyankha mafunso omwe amafanana ndi kupanga kwawo komanso katundu wawo.

Kodi machubu a aloyi a titaniyamu a Gulu 5 ndi chiyani?

Machubu amtundu wa 5 titanium alloy amadziwika chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwawo kwapadera, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osankhidwa bwino pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana ovuta. Machubuwa amawonetsa chiŵerengero chochititsa chidwi cha mphamvu ndi kulemera kwake, ndi mphamvu zowonongeka kuyambira 895 mpaka 1000 MPa ndi kachulukidwe pafupifupi 4.43 g/cm³. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala amphamvu kwambiri kuposa zitsulo zambiri pomwe amakhala pafupifupi 45% yopepuka.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zamachubu a Grade 5 titanium alloy chubu ndi kukana kwawo kwa dzimbiri. Amasonyeza kukana kochititsa chidwi kumadera osiyanasiyana owononga, kuphatikizapo madzi amchere, ma asidi, ndi mankhwala a mafakitale. Chikhalidwe ichi chimachokera ku mapangidwe okhazikika, odzichiritsa okha oxide wosanjikiza pamwamba pa aloyi, amene amapereka chotchinga chotchinga zowononga zowononga.

Kulimbana ndi kutentha kwa alloy ndi chinthu chinanso chofunikira, chomwe chimalola kuti chikhalebe ndi mphamvu komanso kukhulupirika kwake pamatenthedwe okwera mpaka 400 ° C (752 ° F). Izi zimapangitsa kuti machubu a titanium alloy a Giredi 5 akhale oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malo otentha kwambiri, monga mafakitale apamlengalenga ndi magalimoto.

Kuphatikiza apo, machubuwa amawonetsa kutopa kwakukulu komanso kukana kwa ming'alu, zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamapulogalamu omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutsitsa kwapang'onopang'ono kapena kupsinjika. Kapangidwe kake kakang'ono ka alloy, kaphatikizidwe ka magawo a alpha ndi beta, kumathandizira pakupanga kwake kwamakina apamwamba komanso kukana kutopa.

Grade 5 titaniyamu alloy machubu alinso ndi biocompatibility yabwino, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala chisankho choyenera cha ma implants azachipatala ndi zida zopangira opaleshoni. Kuchepa kwa alloy reactivity ndi minyewa yamunthu ndi madzi amthupi, kuphatikiza mphamvu yake yayikulu komanso kulemera kochepa, kwapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ma implants a mafupa ndi mano.

Kuthekera kwa machubu a Grade 5 titanium alloy chubu nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa ngati kocheperako. Ngakhale kuti sikophweka kupanga makina monga zitsulo zina, zida zamakono zodulira zamakono zapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kukwaniritsa makina olondola kwambiri a machubuwa. Izi zimalola kuti pakhale mawonekedwe ovuta komanso mawonekedwe ofunikira pamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana.

Potsirizira pake, machubu a titanium alloy a Giredi 5 ali ndi kagawo kakang'ono kakuwonjezera kutentha, komwe kumapangitsa kuti akhazikike pamatenthedwe osiyanasiyana. Katunduyu ndi wofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito pomwe kulolerana kolondola kuyenera kusungidwa pansi pamikhalidwe yotentha.

Kodi kupanga kumakhudza bwanji mtundu wa machubu a titanium alloy a Giredi 5?

Njira yopangira Grade 5 titaniyamu alloy machubu imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakuzindikiritsa mtundu wawo womaliza, momwe amagwirira ntchito, komanso kuyenerera kwamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana. Gawo lirilonse popanga, kuchokera pakusankhidwa kwa zinthu zopangira mpaka kuchiritsa kutentha komaliza, zimakhudza ma microstructure, zida zamakina, komanso kukhulupirika kwathunthu kwa machubu.

Njirayi imayamba ndi kusankha mosamala ndikukonzekera zipangizo. Titaniyamu yoyera kwambiri, aluminiyamu, ndi vanadium zimaphatikizidwa molingana bwino kuti apange aloyi ya Ti-6Al-4V. Ubwino wa zipangizozi ndi zofunika kwambiri, chifukwa zonyansa zingakhudze kwambiri katundu wa alloy. Njira zamakono zosungunula, monga vacuum arc remelting (VAR) kapena electron beam melting (EBM), zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kusakanikirana kwa alloy ndikuchepetsa kuipitsidwa.

Aloyiyo ikakonzedwa, imagwira ntchito zingapo zopanga kupanga mawonekedwe a tubular. Kusankha njira yopangira - kaya ndi extrusion, kujambula, kapena kugudubuza - zimakhudza microstructure ya chubu ndi makina. Mwachitsanzo, njira zozizira zogwirira ntchito zimatha kuwonjezera mphamvu zamachubu koma zimachepetsa ductility. Mlingo wa ntchito ndi kutentha komwe zimachitikira ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti mukwaniritse zomwe mukufuna.

Kuchiza kutentha ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mtundu womaliza wa machubu a aloyi a titaniyamu a Gulu 5. Chithandizo chamankhwala chotsatiridwa ndi kukalamba (STA) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kukhathamiritsa microstructure ya alloy. The njira mankhwala, ambiri anachita pa kutentha padziko 950 ° C (1742 ° F), dissolves beta gawo ndi homogenizes ndi microstructure. Kukalamba kotsatira pa kutentha kocheperako (mozungulira 540 ° C kapena 1004 ° F) kumathandizira kuwongolera kwamvula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta alpha mkati mwa beta matrix, kukulitsa mphamvu ndi kulimba.

Kuzizira kozizira panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mudziwe microstructure yomaliza ndi katundu. Kuzizira kofulumira kuchokera ku kutentha kwa mankhwala kungayambitse dongosolo la martensitic, pamene kuzizira pang'onopang'ono kumalimbikitsa mapangidwe a alpha ndi beta. Kuzizira kwapadera kumasankhidwa kutengera zomwe mukufuna pakugwiritsa ntchito.

Chithandizo chapamwamba ndi njira zomaliza zimathandizanso kwambiri pakuchita bwino kwa Grade 5 titaniyamu alloy machubu. Mankhwala mphero kapena pickling nthawi zambiri ntchito kuchotsa oxide wosanjikiza pa kutentha kwambiri processing, kuonetsetsa woyera, yunifolomu pamwamba. Pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kulimbikira kuti musavale kapena mawonekedwe enaake apamtunda, njira monga nitriding kapena kuuma kwa oxygen kungagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Njira zowongolera zabwino pakupanga zonse ndizofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kusasinthika komanso kudalirika kwa machubu a aloyi a titaniyamu a Gulu 5. Njira zoyesera zosawononga, monga kuyesa kwa akupanga, kuyesa kwa eddy panopa, ndi kuwunika kwa X-ray, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zizindikire zolakwika zilizonse zamkati kapena zosagwirizana m'makoma a chubu. Kuyesa kwamakina, kuphatikiza kuyesa kwamphamvu, kuyeza kuuma, ndi kuyesa kutopa, kumachitika kuti zitsimikizire kuti machubu amakwaniritsa zofunikira.

Kulondola kwapang'onopang'ono kwa machubu ndi gawo lina lofunikira lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi kupanga. Makina opukutira bwino komanso opera angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti akwaniritse kulolerana kolimba kofunikira pamapulogalamu ena. Kusankha kwa makina ndi zida ziyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala kuti zisayambitse zolakwika kapena zovuta zotsalira zomwe zitha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a chubu.

Kodi pali zovuta zotani pakuwotcherera machubu a aloyi a Giredi 5?

Welding Grade 5 titanium alloy chubu amakhala ndi zovuta zingapo zapadera chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira komanso kuyambiranso. Kumvetsetsa ndi kuthana ndi zovutazi ndikofunikira kuti tikwaniritse ma welds apamwamba, odalirika pamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana.

Chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri pakuwotcherera Grade 5 titaniyamu alloy machubu ndi reactivity awo mkulu pa kutentha okwera. Titaniyamu imakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi okosijeni, nayitrogeni, ndi haidrojeni ikatenthedwa, kupanga zinthu zosaoneka bwino zomwe zimatha kufooketsa kwambiri malo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha (HAZ). Kuchitanso kumeneku kumafuna njira zolimba zotchinjiriza kuteteza zitsulo zosungunuka ndi madera otentha kuti asaipitsidwe ndi mlengalenga.

Kuti athane ndi vutoli, kuwotcherera kuyenera kuchitidwa pamalo olamulidwa, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito chipinda chodzaza ndi gasi kapena njira zapadera zotetezera. Argon imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gasi wotchinga chifukwa cha kusagwira bwino ntchito komanso kuchita bwino pakusamutsa mpweya. Pakuwotcherera machubu, kunja ndi mkati mwa chubu ziyenera kukhala zotetezedwa mokwanira. Izi nthawi zambiri zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera ndi makina otsuka mpweya kuti atsimikizire chitetezo chokwanira cha malo owotcherera.

Kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kutsika kwamagetsi kwa titaniyamu kumabweretsa vuto lina pakuwotcherera machubu a aloyi a Giredi 5. Zinthuzi zimatha kuyambitsa kutentha kwachangu kuchokera kudera la weld, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukwaniritsa ndi kusunga kutentha koyenera kuti kuphatikizidwe koyenera. Kuti athane ndi izi, ma welder nthawi zambiri amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotenthetsera komanso kuyenda pang'onopang'ono poyerekeza ndi kuwotcherera zida zina. Komabe, njirayi iyenera kukhala yogwirizana ndi chiwopsezo cha kukula kwa tirigu wambiri mu HAZ, zomwe zingasokoneze makina olumikizira olowa.

Kuwongolera kutentha ndi kuzizira ndikofunikira pakuwotcherera machubu a aloyi a Giredi 5. Kutentha kwambiri kumatha kubweretsa kusintha kosafunikira, monga kupanga njere za alpha kapena kusinthika kwa alpha+beta yofunikira kuti ikhale yonse ya beta mu HAZ. Kumbali ina, kutentha kosakwanira kungapangitse kuti pasakhale vuto la fusion. Kukwaniritsa bwino kumafuna kuwongolera molondola kwa zowotcherera ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba zowotcherera monga pulsed welding kapena makina odzipangira okha.

Mapangidwe a intermetallic mankhwala ndi nkhawa inanso pamene kuwotcherera machubu 5 titaniyamu aloyi, makamaka powaphatikiza ndi zitsulo zosiyana. Titaniyamu imatha kupanga brittle intermetallic phases ndi zitsulo zina zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa ductility komanso kulephera kulephera mu olowa. Vutoli nthawi zambiri limafuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthira kapena njira zapadera zowotcherera polumikiza machubu a titaniyamu kuzinthu zina.

Kusokoneza ndi kutsalira kwapang'onopang'ono kumabweretsa zovuta zina pakuwotcherera machubu a titanium alloy Giredi 5. Zinthu zomwe zimakhala zotsika kwambiri za elasticity zimapangitsa kuti zisasokonezeke panthawi yowotcherera. Kukonzekera koyenera kwazitsulo ndi ndondomeko zowotcherera ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse kupotoza. Kuchiza kutentha pambuyo pa weld kungakhale kofunikira kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kotsalira, koma izi ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti zisasinthe mawonekedwe a alloy opangidwa mosamala.

Kuzindikira ndi kuwunika zolakwika za weld mu Grade 5 titaniyamu alloy machubu zingakhale zovuta chifukwa cha zinthu zakuthupi. Njira zoyeserera zosawononga zingafunikire kusinthidwa kapena kuwonjezeredwa ndi njira zapadera kuti zitsimikizire kukhulupirika kwa ma welds a titaniyamu. Mwachitsanzo, kuyesa kwa radiographic kungafunike nthawi yayitali yowonekera kapena magwero osiyanasiyana a radiation poyerekeza ndi ma welds achitsulo.

Kuwotcherera mipanda yopyapyala ya Giredi 5 ya titanium alloy chubu kumabweretsa zovuta zake. Chiwopsezo chowotchedwa kapena kutentha kwambiri komwe kumatsogolera ku warpage ndikwambiri pamachubu okhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala. Kuwongolera molondola kwa magawo owotcherera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera monga kuwotcherera kwa orbital kungakhale kofunikira kuti mukwaniritse zowotcherera mosasinthasintha, zapamwamba kwambiri pamapulogalamuwa.

Pomaliza, mtengo ndi kupezeka kwa zida zapadera zowotcherera ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera titaniyamu zitha kukhala zovuta, makamaka pamachitidwe ang'onoang'ono kapena mapulojekiti amodzi. Kufunika kwa zida zoyezera zoyezera kwambiri, zosakaniza zapadera zotchinjiriza, ndi zida zomwe zimatha kuwongolera bwino magawo zitha kukulitsa mtengo wonse wa machubu amtundu wa 5 titanium alloy.

Pomaliza, kupanga kwa Grade 5 titaniyamu alloy machubu ndi njira yovuta yomwe imafuna kulamulira mosamala pa siteji iliyonse kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti kupanga zipangizo zapamwamba, zodalirika. Kuyambira pakusankhidwa kwazinthu zoyambira mpaka pakuwotcha komaliza ndikumaliza pamwamba, gawo lililonse limakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakuzindikiritsa momwe machubu amagwirira ntchito. Kumvetsetsa zofunikira za machubuwa, zotsatira za njira zopangira pamtundu wawo, ndi zovuta zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwotcherera ndizofunikira kwa mainjiniya ndi opanga omwe amagwira ntchito ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyanazi. Pomwe ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo komanso kufunikira kwa zida zogwira ntchito kwambiri kukupitilira kukula, kafukufuku wopitilira muyeso wa titaniyamu alloy kupanga zitha kupititsa patsogolo njira zopangira komanso mtundu wazinthu zomaliza.

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