chidziwitso

3D yosindikizidwa titaniyamu yatulukira ngati zinthu zosintha masewera m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuchokera kumlengalenga kupita ku zoyika zachipatala. Kuphatikizika kwake kwapadera kwamphamvu, katundu wopepuka, ndi kusinthika mwamakonda kwapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino kwa opanga ndi opanga. Koma funso lomwe nthawi zambiri limabuka ndilakuti: Kodi 3D yosindikizidwa titaniyamu ndi yolimba? Kuti tiyankhe izi, tifunika kufufuza za titaniyamu, njira yosindikizira ya 3D, ndi zotsatira za zinthu za 3D zosindikizidwa za titaniyamu.

Kodi titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ya 3D ikufananiza bwanji ndi kupanga titaniyamu?

Mphamvu ya titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ya 3D ndi mutu wochititsa chidwi kwambiri komanso kafukufuku wopitilira. Poyerekeza ndi titaniyamu yopangidwa kale, titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ya 3D imawonetsa zinthu zina zapadera zomwe zimatha kukulitsa komanso, nthawi zina, zimatha kuchepetsa mphamvu zake.

Kupanga titaniyamu kwachikhalidwe kumaphatikizapo njira monga kupanga, kuponya, kapena kupanga makina. Njirazi zakhala zoyengedwa kwa zaka zambiri ndipo zimapanga titaniyamu zomwe zimakhala zomveka bwino komanso zogwirizana. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimadziwika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa kulemera, kukana kwa dzimbiri, komanso kuyanjana kwachilengedwe.

Kusindikiza kwa 3D, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kupanga zowonjezera, kumapanga magawo a titaniyamu osanjikiza pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga Selective Laser Melting (SLM) kapena Electron Beam Melting (EBM). Njirayi imalola kupanga ma geometri ovuta omwe angakhale ovuta kapena osatheka kukwaniritsa ndi njira zachikhalidwe. Komabe, imabweretsanso malingaliro apadera pankhani ya mphamvu.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ya 3D yosindikizidwa titaniyamu ndi microstructure yomwe imapangidwa panthawi yosindikiza. Kutentha kofulumira ndi kuzizira komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi kusindikiza kwa 3D kumatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale njere zabwino, zokhazikika zomwe zimakhazikika pomanga. Microstructure iyi imatha kukhala ndi ma anisotropic mechanical properties, kutanthauza kuti mphamvuyo imatha kusiyana malinga ndi momwe katundu wagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ya 3D imatha kupeza mphamvu zofanana kapena zapamwamba m'njira zina poyerekeza ndi titaniyamu yopangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku yemwe adasindikizidwa mu Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials anapeza kuti 3D yosindikizidwa ya Ti-6Al-4V (yofanana ndi titaniyamu alloy) imasonyeza mphamvu zokolola zambiri komanso mphamvu zowonongeka pomanga poyerekezera ndi Ti-6Al- 4v .

Komabe, mphamvu perpendicular kumanga malangizo angakhale m'munsi, ndi ductility wonse wa 3D yosindikizidwa titaniyamu akhoza kuchepetsedwa poyerekeza ndi titaniyamu yopangidwa kale. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa ma pores ang'onoang'ono kapena zolakwika zomwe zingathe kupanga panthawi yosindikiza.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mphamvu ya titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ya 3D imatha kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo:

1. Magawo osindikizira: Mphamvu ya laser, liwiro la scan, makulidwe osanjikiza, ndi zina zosindikizira zimatha kukhudza kachulukidwe ndi microstructure ya gawo lomaliza.

2. Post-processing: Chithandizo cha kutentha, kutentha kwa isostatic pressing (HIP), ndi njira zina zotsalira pambuyo pokonza zingathandize kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ndi kusasinthasintha kwa zigawo za titaniyamu zosindikizidwa za 3D.

3. Kukhathamiritsa kwapangidwe: Kutha kupanga zovuta zamkati ndi kukhathamiritsa gawo la geometry kumatha kubweretsa zigawo zomwe zimakhala zamphamvu komanso zopepuka kuposa zomwe zidapangidwa kale.

4. Ufa wa ufa: Makhalidwe a titaniyamu ufa wogwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza, monga kugawa kwa tinthu tating'ono ndi chiyero, akhoza kukhudza zinthu zomaliza za gawo losindikizidwa.

Ngakhale kuti titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ya 3D ikhoza kukhala ndi zofooka zina poyerekeza ndi titaniyamu yomwe imapangidwa kale, mphamvu zake zapadera nthawi zambiri zimaposa zovuta izi muzinthu zambiri. Kutha kupanga zomangira zovuta, zopepuka komanso kusintha magawo azinthu zinazake kwapangitsa kuti atengeke m'mafakitale omwe magwiridwe antchito ndi ofunikira, monga zakuthambo ndi ma implants azachipatala.

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito 3D printed titaniyamu mu implants zamankhwala ndi chiyani?

Kugwiritsa ntchito titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ya 3D muzoyika zachipatala kwasintha kwambiri gawo lazachipatala komanso opaleshoni yokonzanso. Njira yatsopanoyi imapereka maubwino angapo kuposa njira zachikhalidwe zopangira ma implants, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chodziwika bwino pakati pa akatswiri azachipatala komanso odwala omwe.

Chimodzi mwazabwino zazikulu za ma implants a 3D osindikizidwa a titaniyamu ndikutha kupanga mapangidwe osinthika ogwirizana ndi thupi la wodwala aliyense. Ma implants achikhalidwe nthawi zambiri amabwera molingana ndi kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake, omwe sangafanane ndi wodwala aliyense. Izi zingayambitse zotsatira zochepa, nthawi yowonjezereka ya opaleshoni, ndi zovuta zomwe zingatheke. Pogwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira a 3D, madokotala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito deta yojambula zithunzi za odwala, monga CT scans, kupanga implants zomwe zimagwirizana ndendende ndi thupi la wodwalayo. Mulingo woterewu ukhoza kupangitsa kuti ukhale wokwanira bwino, magwiridwe antchito abwino, komanso nthawi yochira mwachangu.

Ma geometries ovuta omwe amatheka ndi kusindikiza kwa 3D amalolanso kupanga mapangidwe a porous omwe amalimbikitsa osseointegration - kulumikizana kwachilengedwe kwa fupa kupita kumtunda. Mabowo amtunduwu amatha kutsanzira momwe mafupa achilengedwe amagwirira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo abwino opangira mafupa. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Journal of Orthopedic Research anapeza kuti 3D yosindikizidwa titaniyamu ma implants okhala ndi ma porous opangidwa bwino adawonetsa kukula bwino kwa mafupa poyerekeza ndi ma implants achikhalidwe olimba.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kowongolera porosity ndi kukula kwa pore panthawi yonse yoyikirako kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mapangidwe okhala ndi gradient. Izi zikutanthauza kuti madera osiyanasiyana a implant akhoza kupangidwa ndi miyeso yosiyanasiyana ya kuuma kuti ifanane bwino ndi mafupa ozungulira, zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa kutetezera kupsinjika maganizo - chodabwitsa chomwe implant imatenga katundu wochuluka kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafupa awonongeke mozungulira.

Ubwino wina wa 3D wosindikizidwa wa titaniyamu implants ndi kuthekera kwa kuchepetsa nthawi ya opaleshoni ndi zotsatira zabwino. Kukwanira bwino kwa implants zachizolowezi kungathandize kuti opaleshoniyo ikhale yosavuta, kuchepetsa kufunika kosintha. Izi zingayambitse nthawi yaifupi ya opaleshoni, yomwe imakhala yopindulitsa kwa wodwala (nthawi yochepa pansi pa anesthesia) ndi dongosolo lachipatala (kuwonjezeka kwachangu).

Maonekedwe opepuka a titaniyamu, ophatikizidwa ndi kuthekera kopanga zida zamkati zokhathamiritsa kudzera kusindikiza kwa 3D, amalolanso kupanga ma implants omwe ali opepuka kuposa ma implants olimba achikhalidwe ndikusunga mphamvu zofunikira. Izi ndizopindulitsa makamaka pazogwiritsa ntchito monga craniomaxillofacial reconstruction, komwe kulemera kwa implant kungakhudze chitonthozo cha odwala komanso moyo wabwino.

Kuphatikiza apo, kusindikiza kwa 3D kumathandizira kuphatikiza magwiridwe antchito mwachindunji pamapangidwe a implant. Mwachitsanzo, mayendedwe operekera mankhwala kapena masensa owunikira momwe ma implant akugwirira ntchito amatha kuphatikizidwa panthawi yopanga. Izi zimatsegula mwayi watsopano wa ma implants anzeru omwe angapereke zenizeni zenizeni pakupita kwa machiritso kapena kupereka mankhwala omwe akutsata.

Kuchokera pamawonedwe opanga, kusindikiza kwa 3D kumapereka maubwino malinga ndi kutsika mtengo kwa implants makonda. Njira zachikhalidwe zopangira ma implants okhazikika nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo njira zogwirira ntchito komanso kuwononga zinthu zambiri. Kusindikiza kwa 3D, pokhala njira yowonjezera, kumachepetsa zinyalala zakuthupi ndipo kumatha kupanga mapangidwe ovuta popanda kufunikira kwa zida zapadera, zomwe zingathe kutsitsa mtengo wa implants makonda.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma implants osindikizidwa a titaniyamu a 3D sikukhala ndi zovuta. Njira zovomerezera zoikamo mwachizolowezi zimatha kukhala zovuta, ndipo njira zowongolera zabwino ziyenera kukhala zolimba kuti zitsimikizire kusasinthika ndi chitetezo. Kuphatikiza apo, zidziwitso zachipatala zanthawi yayitali pakuchita kwa ma implants osindikizidwa a 3D zikusonkhanitsidwa, ngakhale zotsatira zoyambirira zikulonjeza.

Ngakhale zovuta izi, ubwino wa 3D yosindikizidwa titaniyamu ma implants apangitsa kuti achuluke m'magawo osiyanasiyana azachipatala. Kuchokera ku implants za msana kupita ku m'malo mwa ntchafu, komanso kuchokera ku implants zamano mpaka kukonzanso nkhope, 3D yosindikizidwa titaniyamu ikusintha mawonekedwe a implants zachipatala, ndikupereka mwayi watsopano wopeza zotsatira zabwino za odwala komanso chisamaliro chaumoyo payekha.

Kodi titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ya 3D ingakwaniritsidwe bwanji pazamlengalenga?

Makampani opanga zakuthambo afulumira kuzindikira ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuthekera kwa titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ya 3D. Kuphatikizika kwapadera kwa chiŵerengero champhamvu cha titaniyamu ndi kulemera kwake ndi ufulu wamapangidwe woperekedwa ndi kusindikiza kwa 3D kumapangitsa kukhala chinthu choyenera kupanga zida zokongoletsedwa zakuthambo. Komabe, kuti muthe kupindula bwino ndiukadaulo uwu, zinthu zingapo zofunika ziyenera kuganiziridwa ndikuwongoleredwa.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukhathamiritsa kwa ntchito zakuthambo ndikuchepetsa thupi. M'makampani azamlengalenga, gilamu iliyonse imafunikira, chifukwa kulemera kwake kumatanthawuza mwachindunji kupulumutsa mafuta ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa malipiro. Kusindikiza kwa 3D kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zamkati zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa kwambiri kulemera kwa zigawo ndikukhalabe ndi mphamvu zofunikira. Njira monga kukhathamiritsa kwa topology ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zomwe zimagawa katundu bwino ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu.

Mwachitsanzo, GE Aviation yakhazikitsa bwino 3D yosindikizidwa ya titaniyamu mafuta mu injini yake ya LEAP. Mabotolo awa ndi opepuka 25% kuposa omwe amapangidwa kale ndipo amakhala ndi gawo limodzi m'malo mwa zidutswa 20. Izi sizingochepetsa kulemera kokha komanso zimathandizira kusonkhana komanso kumapangitsa kudalirika.

Chinthu chinanso chofunikira pakukhathamiritsa ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito amakina. Pamene 3D yosindikizidwa titaniyamu imatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zochititsa chidwi, kugwiritsa ntchito zakuthambo nthawi zambiri kumafunikira magwiridwe antchito mwapadera kwambiri. Izi zimafuna kuwongolera mosamalitsa njira yosindikizira ndi chithandizo chapambuyo pokonza.

Njira imodzi yowonjezerera zinthu zamakina ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa magawo osindikizira. Zinthu monga mphamvu ya laser, liwiro la scan, makulidwe a wosanjikiza, ndi njira zojambulira zimatha kukhudza mawonekedwe a microstructure ndi zotsatira za gawo losindikizidwa. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Journal of Materials Processing Technology adawonetsa kuti kukhathamiritsa magawowa kumatha kupangitsa kuti Ti-3Al-6V yosindikizidwa ya 4D yokhala ndi kutopa kwapamwamba poyerekeza ndi zinthu zopangidwa.

Thandizo pambuyo pokonza limagwiranso ntchito yofunikira pakukonza titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ya 3D pakugwiritsa ntchito zakuthambo. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuthetsa porosity yamkati ndikuwongolera kachulukidwe ka magawo osindikizidwa. Izi zitha kupititsa patsogolo moyo wotopa, womwe ndi wofunikira kwambiri pazamlengalenga zomwe zimatha kunyamula. Zochizira kutentha zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zigwirizane ndi ma microstructure ndikukwaniritsa kuphatikiza kofunikira kwamphamvu ndi ductility.

Kumaliza pamwamba ndi chinthu china chofunikira. Magawo osindikizidwa a 3D titaniyamu amatha kukhala ovuta, omwe amatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a kutopa komanso mawonekedwe a aerodynamic. Njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ma etching, makina, ndi peening, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kutha kwa pamwamba ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale kupanikizika kotsalira.

Kutha kupanga njira zozizirira zovuta ndi malo ena pomwe titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ya 3D imatha kukongoletsedwa ndi ntchito zakuthambo. Muzinthu monga ma turbine blades kapena rocket nozzles, kuziziritsa koyenera ndikofunikira pakuchita bwino komanso kukhala ndi moyo wautali. Kusindikiza kwa 3D kumapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zozizirira zamkati zomwe sizingatheke kupanga pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe. Makina ozizirira bwinowa atha kupangitsa kuti kasamalidwe kazambiri katenthedwe kawongoleredwe komanso kutentha komwe kumapangitsa kuti injiniyo isagwire bwino ntchito.

Kusintha mwamakonda ndi kuphatikiza magawo ndizinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukhathamiritsa. Kusindikiza kwa 3D kumathandizira kupanga magawo ogwirizana ndi ndege kapena mishoni, zomwe zitha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zigawo pagulu. Izi sizimangochepetsa kulemera koma zimatha kupangitsanso kukonza ndikuwongolera kudalirika.

Komabe, optimizing 3D yosindikizidwa titaniyamu kwa ntchito zazamlengalenga zilibe zovuta. Kuwonetsetsa kusasinthika komanso kubwerezabwereza pakusindikiza ndikofunikira, chifukwa zida zazamlengalenga zimatengera kuwongolera kolimba komanso zofunikira za satifiketi. Njira zoyesera zosawononga, monga CT scanning, nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kapangidwe ka mkati ndi kukhulupirika kwa magawo osindikizidwa.

Kapangidwe kake kayeneranso kukonzedwanso kuti athe kutengera luso la kusindikiza kwa 3D. Izi zingafunike kusintha kwa nzeru zamapangidwe, kuchoka ku mapangidwe achikhalidwe a zolepheretsa kupanga ndi kuvomereza mapangidwe a mfundo zopangira zowonjezera. Mainjiniya ndi opanga amafunika kuphunzitsidwa kuti aziganiza zopanga zowonjezera, poganizira zinthu monga momwe amapangira, mapangidwe othandizira, komanso kasamalidwe kamafuta panthawi yosindikiza.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuphatikiza kwa zida zosindikizidwa za 3D m'makina omwe alipo komanso maunyolo operekera kumabweretsa zovuta zake. Nkhani monga chitetezo chanzeru, chiphaso cha zida zatsopano ndi njira, komanso kakulidwe kamiyezo yazigawo zamlengalenga zosindikizidwa za 3D ziyenera kuthetsedwa.

Ngakhale pali zovuta izi, phindu lomwe lingakhalepo la zida zosindikizidwa za 3D zosindikizidwa za titaniyamu pazamlengalenga ndizambiri. Kuchokera pakuchepetsa thupi komanso kuchita bwino, kupita kukusintha mwamakonda komanso masitayilo osavuta, kusindikiza kwa 3D kudzakhala ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri mtsogolo mwazopanga zamlengalenga.

Pamene kafukufuku akupitilira komanso ukadaulo ukukula, titha kuyembekezera kuwona kukhathamiritsa kwakukulu kwa titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ya 3D pakugwiritsa ntchito zakuthambo. Izi zitha kuphatikiza kupanga ma aloyi atsopano a titaniyamu omwe amapangidwira kuti apange zowonjezera, kuwongolera kwina kwaumisiri wosindikiza, ndi zida zapamwamba zofananira zolosera ndi kukhathamiritsa magwiridwe antchito a zida zosindikizidwa za 3D zisanapangidwe.

Pomaliza, nthawi 3D yosindikizidwa titaniyamu yawonetsa kale mphamvu zake ndi zomwe zingatheke muzogwiritsira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo implants zachipatala ndi zigawo zamlengalenga, pali malo okonzekera ndi kukonza. Pamene kafukufuku akupitilira komanso njira zopangira zinthu zikukonzedwa, titha kuyembekezera kuwona zinthu zamphamvu kwambiri, zopepuka, komanso zowoneka bwino za 3D zosindikizidwa za titaniyamu m'tsogolomu. Chinsinsi chagona pakumvetsetsa mawonekedwe apadera a titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ya 3D, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake, ndikukankhira malire a zomwe zingatheke ndi njira yatsopanoyi.

Ku SHAANXI CXMET TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD, timanyadira zamitundu yathu yayikulu, yomwe imathandizira zosowa zosiyanasiyana zamakasitomala. Kampani yathu ili ndi luso lapadera lopanga ndi kukonza, kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zathu ndi zapamwamba komanso zolondola. Ndife odzipereka pazatsopano ndipo timayesetsa mosalekeza kupanga zinthu zatsopano, kutipangitsa kukhala patsogolo pamakampani athu. Ndi luso lotsogola laukadaulo, timatha kusintha ndikusintha msika womwe ukusintha mwachangu. Kuphatikiza apo, timapereka mayankho osinthika kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zamakasitomala athu. Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi zinthu zathu kapena mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zazomwe timapereka, chonde musazengereze kutilankhula nafe pa sales@cxmet.com. Gulu lathu limakhala lokonzeka nthawi zonse kukuthandizani.

Zothandizira:

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