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Jekeseni wa titaniyamu yatuluka ngati zinthu zosintha masewera padziko lonse lapansi zosindikizira za 3D, zomwe zimapereka kuphatikiza kwapadera kwamphamvu, katundu wopepuka, ndi biocompatibility. Chitsulo chosunthikachi chasintha mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuyambira zakuthambo ndi zamagalimoto kupita kuzinthu zamankhwala ndi zogula. Pamene njira zopangira zowonjezera zikupitilirabe, kugwiritsa ntchito titaniyamu alloy mu kusindikiza kwa 3D kwatsegula mwayi watsopano wopanga magawo ovuta, makonda, komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. Mu positi iyi yabulogu, tiwona maubwino ogwiritsira ntchito titanium alloy posindikiza za 3D ndi momwe ikusinthiranso njira zopangira m'magawo angapo.

Kodi kusindikiza kwa 3D ndi aloyi ya titaniyamu kumafananiza bwanji ndi njira zachikhalidwe zopangira?

Kuphatikizika kwa titaniyamu mu njira zosindikizira za 3D kwawonetsa kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pakupanga luso, kumapereka zabwino zambiri kuposa njira zachikhalidwe. Kuti mumvetsetse momwe ukadaulo uwu umagwirira ntchito, ndikofunikira kufananiza kusindikiza kwa 3D ndi aloyi ya titaniyamu ndi njira wamba zopangira.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwachangu ndi Kuchepetsa Zinyalala

Ubwino wina wochititsa chidwi wa kusindikiza kwa 3D ndi titaniyamu aloyi ndikuchepetsa kwambiri zinyalala zakuthupi. Traditional subtractive kupanga njira, monga CNC Machining, zambiri kumabweretsa kwambiri kutaya chuma. Nthawi zina, mpaka 90% ya chipika choyambirira cha titaniyamu chikhoza kuonongeka panthawi yopanga makina. Izi sizimangowonjezera ndalama zopangira komanso zimadzutsa nkhawa zachilengedwe.

Mosiyana ndi izi, kusindikiza kwa 3D, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kupanga zowonjezera, kumapanga magawo osanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza, pogwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kofunikira titaniyamu alloy ufa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke zochepa, zomwe zimakhala zosakwana 5% zazinthu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ufa wosagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ukhoza kubwezeretsedwanso kuti usindikize mtsogolo, kupititsa patsogolo luso lazinthu. Kukhathamiritsa kumeneku ndikofunikira makamaka mukamagwira ntchito ndi zida zodula monga titaniyamu aloyi, zomwe zimapangitsa kusindikiza kwa 3D kukhala njira yotsika mtengo komanso yosamalira zachilengedwe pamapulogalamu ambiri.

Ufulu Wopanga ndi Kuvuta

Njira zopangira zachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi malire pamapangidwe ena chifukwa cha zovuta za zida komanso fiziki yochotsa zinthu. Ma geometries ovuta, mayendedwe amkati, ndi zomangira zovuta za lattice zitha kukhala zovuta kapena zosatheka kupanga pogwiritsa ntchito njira wamba.

Kusindikiza kwa 3D ndi titaniyamu alloy kumaphwanya zotchinga izi, kumapereka ufulu wopangidwira womwe sunachitikepo. Mainjiniya ndi opanga tsopano atha kupanga magawo okhala ndi ma topology okhathamiritsa, njira zoziziritsira zofananira, ndi zida za biomimetic zomwe poyamba zinali zosatheka. Kusinthasintha kwapangidwe kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zinthu zopepuka, zamphamvu, komanso zogwira mtima kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, m'makampani opanga zinthu zakuthambo, zida za 3D zosindikizidwa za titaniyamu zathandizira kupanga zida zovuta za injini zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso zocheperako, zomwe zapangitsa kuti mafuta azichulukirachulukira komanso kuchepa kwa mpweya.

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The wapadera katundu wa titaniyamu aloyi, kuphatikizapo kusinthasintha kwa teknoloji yosindikizira ya 3D, zapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zambiri zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Kuchokera kumlengalenga kupita ku chithandizo chamankhwala, zida za 3D zosindikizidwa za titaniyamu zikusintha kamangidwe kazinthu ndi kupanga. Tiyeni tiwone zina mwazofunikira zomwe zikuthandizira kwambiri magawo osiyanasiyana.

Aerospace ndi Aviation

Makampani opanga zakuthambo akhala amodzi mwa omwe adatengera koyambirira komanso opindula kwambiri ndi zigawo za 3D zosindikizidwa za titaniyamu. Kuphatikizika kwa chiŵerengero champhamvu ndi kulemera kwamphamvu, kukana kwa dzimbiri, komanso kupirira kutentha kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti titaniyamu alloy ikhale yabwino pazinthu zandege. Ntchito zina zodziwika ndi izi:

1. Zigawo za Injini: Kusindikiza kwa 3D kumapangitsa kuti pakhale magawo ovuta a injini okhala ndi ma geometri amkati omwe amakulitsa magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa kulemera. Mwachitsanzo, General Electric yapanga bwino ma nozzles amafuta a injini yake ya LEAP pogwiritsa ntchito aloyi ya 3D yosindikizidwa ya titaniyamu, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti gawo lomwe limakhala lopepuka ndi 25% komanso lolimba kasanu kuposa mnzake wopangidwa mwachizolowezi.

2. Zigawo Zapangidwe: Mabulaketi a ndege, zomangira, ndi zinthu zina zamapangidwe zimatha kukonzedwa kudzera kusindikiza kwa 3D kuti muchepetse kulemera popanda kusokoneza mphamvu. Airbus yaphatikiza 3D yosindikizidwa ya titaniyamu alloy mabulaketi mu ndege yake ya A350 XWB, zomwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa thupi komanso kuwongolera mafuta.

3. Ma Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems: Matupi ophatikizika ndi ma valve a ma hydraulic ndi pneumatic system amatha kupangidwa ngati magawo amodzi, ophatikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kusindikiza kwa 3D, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zigawo ndi zomwe zingalephereke.

4. Zigawo za Satellite: Makampani opanga mlengalenga amapindula ndi zigawo za 3D zosindikizidwa za titaniyamu zopangira ma satelayiti, makina oyendetsa ndege, ndi zothandizira za antenna, kumene kuchepetsa kulemera n'kofunika kwambiri poyambitsa ndalama.

Ntchito Zachipatala ndi Zamano

The biocompatibility ya titaniyamu alloy imapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri pa ma implants azachipatala ndi zida. Ukadaulo wosindikizira wa 3D watsegula mwayi watsopano wopanga mayankho achipatala makonda:

1. Mapiritsi a Mafupa: Mapangidwe a chiuno, bondo, ndi msana amatha kupangidwa kuti agwirizane ndi thupi la wodwalayo, kuwongolera bwino ndi ntchito. Zomangamanga zomwe zimatheka kudzera kusindikiza kwa 3D zimalimbikitsa kuphatikizika bwino kwa osseointegration, zomwe zimatsogolera kuchira msanga komanso kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha kumasulidwa kwa implants.

2. Mapiritsi a Cranial ndi Maxillofacial: Kwa odwala omwe amafunikira chigaza kapena kukonzanso nkhope, 3D yosindikizidwa ya titaniyamu alloy implants imapereka njira zolondola, za odwala zomwe zingapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito CT kapena MRI scans.

3. Kuyika Mano ndi Ma Prosthetics: Makampani opanga mano amagwiritsa ntchito aloyi ya 3D yosindikizidwa ya titaniyamu popanga implants, milatho, ndi ma prosthetics ena a mano omwe amapereka kukwanira komanso kugwira ntchito bwino poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zopangira.

4. Zida Zopangira Opaleshoni: Zida zapadera zopangira opaleshoni ndi zida zingathe kusindikizidwa ndi 3D mu titaniyamu alloy, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mapangidwe a ergonomic, opepuka omwe amawongolera kulondola kwa opaleshoni ndi kuchepetsa kutopa panthawi yayitali.

Pamene ukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D ukupitilirabe, titha kuyembekezera kuwona kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamtundu wa titaniyamu m'mafakitale onsewa ndi ena. Kutha kupanga mapangidwe ovuta, okometsedwa ndi zinyalala zocheperako komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino ndikuyendetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwaukadaulowu pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ikuchulukirachulukira. Kuchokera pakuwongolera zotsatira za odwala pazachipatala mpaka kukulitsa luso la zinthu zakuthambo, aloyi ya titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ya 3D ikukonza tsogolo la kupanga ndi kupanga zinthu.

Kodi ma aloyi a 3D osindikizidwa a titaniyamu atha kukhala ndi mphamvu zofanana ndi zomwe zimapangidwira titaniyamu?

Funso loti kaya 3D zosindikizidwa za titaniyamu Itha kufanana kapena kupitilira mphamvu ya titaniyamu yomwe idapangidwa kale ndi mutu wochititsa chidwi kwambiri komanso kafukufuku wopitilira mumagulu a sayansi ndi uinjiniya. Pamene ukadaulo wosindikiza wa 3D ukupitilirabe kusinthika, kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika pakuwongolera zida zamakina osindikizidwa a titaniyamu. Tiyeni tifufuze zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ya titaniyamu yosindikizidwa ya 3D ndikuyiyerekeza ndi titaniyamu yopangidwa kale.

Kumvetsetsa Microstructure

Mphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito a titaniyamu aloyi, kaya 3D yosindikizidwa kapena yopangidwa mwamwambo, imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake kakang'ono. Njira zachikale zopangira monga kupangira ndi kuponya nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa mawonekedwe ofananirako, owoneka bwino omwe amathandizira kuti zinthuzo zikhale zolimba komanso zodumphira. Mosiyana ndi izi, mawonekedwe-ndi-wosanjikiza a 3D osindikizira amatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe ovuta komanso otheka kukhala a anisotropic.

Mu njira zosindikizira za ufa wa 3D, monga Selective Laser Melting (SLM) kapena Electron Beam Melting (EBM), titaniyamu alloy ufa amasungunuka ndikukhazikika motsatizana. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale ma microstructure apadera omwe amadziwika ndi:

1. Mbewu za Columnar: Kutentha kofulumira ndi kuziziritsa panthawi yosindikiza nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale njere zazitali zomwe zimamera molingana ndi momwe amamangira.

2. Kusintha kwa Martensitic: Kuzizira kofulumira kungapangitse kusintha kwa martensitic, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi microstructure yabwino, ya acicular (ngati singano).

3. Zotsalira Zotsalira: Kuyendetsa njinga yamoto panthawi yosindikiza kungayambitse kupanikizika kotsalira mkati mwazinthu, zomwe zingakhudze makina ake.

4. Porosity: Kutengera ndi magawo osindikizira, ma voids ang'onoang'ono kapena pores amatha kupanga mkati mwazinthu, zomwe zingakhudze mphamvu zake.

Kufananiza Zida Zamagetsi

Kafukufuku waposachedwa wasonyeza kuti ndi kukhathamiritsa koyenera kwa njira, 3D zosindikizidwa za titaniyamu atha kukhala ndi mphamvu zofananira kapena zopambana kuposa titaniyamu yopangidwa mwamwambo muzinthu zina:

1. Mphamvu Yamphamvu: Ofufuza ambiri anena kuti mphamvu yomaliza ya 3D yosindikizidwa ya Ti-6Al-4V (yofanana ndi titaniyamu alloy) imatha kukumana kapena kupitilira zomwe zidapangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wina wawonetsa 3D yosindikizidwa ya Ti-6Al-4V yokhala ndi mphamvu zolimba kuposa 1000 MPa, yomwe ili mkati mwazinthu zosinthidwa mwachizolowezi.

2. Mphamvu Zokolola: Mphamvu zokolola za 3D zosindikizidwa za titaniyamu zosindikizidwa zapezeka kuti ndizofanana kapena zapamwamba kuposa za titaniyamu zopangidwa kale. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha microstructure yabwino komanso kulimba mwachangu panthawi yosindikiza.

3. Makhalidwe Otopa: Ngakhale kuti zida zoyambirira za 3D zosindikizidwa za titaniyamu nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa kutopa kwapang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha porosity ndi kuuma kwa pamwamba, kupita patsogolo kwa njira zosindikizira ndi njira zosindikizira pambuyo pokonza kwathandizira kwambiri ntchito ya kutopa. Kafukufuku wina tsopano akuwonetsa kutopa komwe kumayandikira kwa zinthu zopangidwa.

4. Kuuma: Kulimba kwa 3D kusindikizidwa kwa titaniyamu aloyi nthawi zambiri kumapezeka kuti ndipamwamba kuposa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachizolowezi, chifukwa cha microstructure yabwino komanso kusintha kwa martensitic.

Pomaliza, ndi kukhathamiritsa koyenera komanso kukonzanso pambuyo pake, ma aloyi a titaniyamu osindikizidwa a 3D amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zofananira, ndipo nthawi zina kupitilira, za titaniyamu yopangidwa kale. Ma microstructure apadera omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kusindikiza kwa 3D amatha kupititsa patsogolo zinthu zina. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti magwiridwe antchito a titaniyamu osindikizidwa a 3D atha kudalira kwambiri njira yosindikizira, magawo, ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza.

Pamene kafukufukuyu akupitilira patsogolo, titha kuyembekezera kuwongolera kwina kwamphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito a 3D osindikizidwa a titaniyamu. Kupititsa patsogolo kumeneku kuyenera kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida za titaniyamu zosindikizidwa za 3D m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, zomwe zitha kusintha momwe timapangira ndi kupanga zida zogwira ntchito kwambiri.

Kutsiliza

Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito aloyi ya titaniyamu pakusindikiza kwa 3D ndi wochuluka komanso wofika patali. Kuchokera pa chiyerekezo chake champhamvu ndi kulemera kwake kupita ku biocompatibility ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, titaniyamu alloy yatsimikizira kukhala yosunthika komanso yofunikira pakupanga zowonjezera. Monga tawonera, kusindikiza kwa 3D ndi titaniyamu aloyi imapereka phindu lalikulu panjira zachikale zopangira, kuphatikiza zinyalala zocheperako, ufulu wamapangidwe owonjezera, komanso kuthekera kopanga magawo ovuta, osinthidwa bwino.

Ku SHAANXI CXMET TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD, timanyadira zamitundu yathu yayikulu, yomwe imathandizira zosowa zosiyanasiyana zamakasitomala. Kampani yathu ili ndi luso lapadera lopanga ndi kukonza, kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zathu ndi zapamwamba komanso zolondola. Ndife odzipereka pazatsopano ndipo timayesetsa mosalekeza kupanga zinthu zatsopano, kutipangitsa kukhala patsogolo pamakampani athu. Ndi luso lotsogola laukadaulo, timatha kusintha ndikusintha msika womwe ukusintha mwachangu. Kuphatikiza apo, timapereka mayankho osinthika kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zamakasitomala athu. Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi zinthu zathu kapena mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zazomwe timapereka, chonde musazengereze kutilankhula nafe pa sales@cxmet.com. Gulu lathu limakhala lokonzeka nthawi zonse kukuthandizani.

Zothandizira:

1. Donachie, MJ _Titanium: A Technical Guide_ 2nd edn (ASM International, 2000).

2. Greitemeier, D., Palm, F., Syassen, F. & Melz, T. Kutopa kwa ntchito yowonjezera yopangidwa ndi TiAl6V4 pogwiritsa ntchito electron ndi laser kusungunuka. _Ine. J. Kutopa_ 94, 211-217 (2017).

3. Su, C., Yu, H., Wang, Z., Yang, J. & Zeng, X. Kulamulira mphamvu zamakokedwe ndi kutopa kwa laser kusankha kusungunuka Ti-6Al-4 V aloyi ndi positi chithandizo. _J. Aloyi Compd._ 857, 157552 (2021).

4. Bustillos, J., Kim, J. & Moridi, A. Kugwiritsa ntchito kusowa kwa zolakwika za fusion kwa microstructural engineering pakupanga zowonjezera. _Add. Manuf._ 48, 102399 (2021).

5. Shui, X. et al. Zotsatira za kukonzanso pambuyo pa kuyankha kwa kutopa kwa cyclic aloyi ya titaniyamu yopangidwa ndi ma elekitironi osungunuka. _Mantha. Sci. Eng. A Struct. Mater._ 680, 239–248 (2017).

6. Kasperovich, G. & Hausmann, J. Kupititsa patsogolo kukana kutopa ndi ductility wa TiAl6V4 kukonzedwa ndi kusankha laser kusungunuka. _J. Mater. Njira. Technol._ 220, 202–214 (2015).

7. Pegues, JW et al. Kutopa kwa zowonjezera zopangidwa ndi Ti-6Al-4V, Gawo 132: zotsatira za chakudya cha ufa, kupanga, ndi zochitika zapambuyo pa ndondomeko ya microstructure ndi zolakwika. _Ine. J. Kutopa_ 105358, 2020 (XNUMX).

8. Liu, R., Zhang, P., Zhang, ZJ, Wang, B. & Zhang, ZF Chitsanzo chothandiza chokonzekera bwino chotsutsana ndi kutopa ndi kusankha zipangizo zachitsulo: I. Kumanga chitsanzo ndi kuneneratu kwa mphamvu ya kutopa. _J. Mater. Sci. Technol._ 70, 233–249 (2021).

9. Qu, Z. et al. Kuphatikiza zotsatira za microstructure ndi zolakwika pa kutopa kwa laser powder bed mafusion Ti-6Al-4V. _Add. Manuf._ 61, 103355 (2023).

10. Alegre, JM, Díaz, A., García, R., Peral, LB & Cuesta, II Zotsatira za HIP post-processing pa 850 °C/200 MPa mu khalidwe latopa la Ti-6Al-4V alloy yopangidwa ndi Selective Kusungunuka kwa Laser. _Ine. J. Kutopa_ 163, 107097 (2022).