chidziwitso

Kusindikiza kwa 3D, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kupanga zowonjezera, kwasintha kwambiri kupanga kwazinthu zovuta m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Ntchito imodzi yovuta kwambiri ndiyo Kusindikiza kwa 3D kwa titaniyamu alloy impellers. Ma Impellers ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pamapampu, ma turbines, ndi makina ena ozungulira, omwe amachititsa kuti madzi azithamanga kwambiri. Ma aloyi a Titaniyamu ndi amtengo wapatali chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kwamphamvu kwa kulemera, kukana dzimbiri, komanso kuyanjana kwachilengedwe. Komabe, kuphatikiza ma geometry odabwitsa a ma impellers ndi mawonekedwe apadera a aloyi a titaniyamu kumabweretsa zovuta zingapo pakusindikiza kwa 3D. Cholemba chabulogu ichi chikuwunika zovuta izi ndi mayankho omwe angathe, ndikuwunikira mbali zitatu zazikulu: katundu wakuthupi, malingaliro apangidwe, ndi zomwe zikufunika pambuyo pakukonza.

Kodi mtundu wa titaniyamu umakhudza bwanji magwiridwe antchito a 3D osindikizidwa?

Ubwino wa titaniyamu ufa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza za 3D umakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakuzindikiritsa zomaliza ndi magwiridwe antchito a zosindikizira zosindikizidwa. Titaniyamu alloy ufa wopangira zowonjezera ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakukula kwa tinthu tating'ono, morphology, ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala kuti zitsimikizidwe zosasinthika komanso zapamwamba.

Kugawa kwa tinthu kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa kumakhudza kuyenda kwa ufa ndi kachulukidwe kake panthawi yosindikiza. Momwemo, ufa uyenera kukhala ndi kukula kochepa kogawa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalimbikitsa kusanjika kofanana ndi kuchepetsa porosity mu gawo lomaliza. Komabe, kukwaniritsa mawonekedwe abwino awa a ufa kumatha kukhala kovuta komanso kokwera mtengo, chifukwa kumafunikira njira zapadera za atomization.

The mankhwala zikuchokera ufa ayeneranso mosamala ankalamulira kusunga ankafuna aloyi katundu. Titaniyamu imagwira ntchito kwambiri, makamaka pakutentha kwambiri, ndipo imatha kutola mosavuta zinthu zapakati monga mpweya, nayitrogeni, ndi kaboni panthawi yopanga ufa ndi njira zogwirira ntchito. Zonyansazi zimatha kusintha kwambiri mawonekedwe a makina osindikizira, zomwe zingayambitse kuchepetsedwa kwa ductility ndi kukana kutopa.

Komanso, ufa wa reusability ndi nkhawa mu 3D kusindikiza titaniyamu alloy impellers. Monga ufa umawonekera mobwerezabwereza kutentha kwambiri ndi mphamvu ya laser panthawi yosindikiza, katundu wake akhoza kusintha. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti magawo omwe amasindikizidwa asinthe komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito pakapita nthawi, zomwe zimafunikira kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kwa ufa ndikuwonjezera ndalama zopangira.

Kuti athane ndi zovutazi, opanga akuyenera kutsatira njira zowongolera zaubwino wa ufa, kuphatikiza kusanthula kwamankhwala nthawi zonse, kuwunika kagawidwe ka tinthu, komanso kuyezetsa kwakuyenda. Njira zotsogola zogwiritsira ntchito ufa ndi zobwezeretsanso zimatha kuthandizira kukhalabe ndi ufa panthawi yonse yopangira, koma zimawonjezera zovuta komanso mtengo pakukhazikitsa konse.

Kafukufuku wokonza njira zopangira ufa wa titaniyamu akupitirirabe, ndikuyang'ana njira zopangira njira zopangira ufa wokhazikika, wapamwamba kwambiri pamtengo wotsika. Izi zikuphatikizanso kuwunika njira zina za atomization ndi zolemba zatsopano za alloy zomwe zili zoyenera kwambiri pazopangira zowonjezera.

Ndi malingaliro otani omwe amafunikira pakusindikiza kwa 3D complex impeller geometries?

Kupanga zopangira zosindikizira za 3D kumafuna kusintha kofunikira poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zopangira. Ngakhale kusindikiza kwa 3D kumapereka ufulu womwe sunachitikepo potengera zovuta za geometric, kumabweretsanso zopinga zapadera ndi malingaliro omwe amayenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti atsimikizire kusindikiza ndikuchita bwino.

Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu zamapangidwe ndikukulitsa mayendedwe amkati a impeller ndi malo kuti achepetse kufunikira kwa zida zothandizira panthawi yosindikiza. Zothandizira ndizofunika kuti zitetezedwe kuti zisawonongeke koma zingakhale zovuta kapena zosatheka kuzichotsa m'ndime zamkati popanda kusokoneza ntchito ya choyimitsa. Opanga amayenera kuganizira mozama momwe amamangidwira ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzithandizira okha ndikusintha pang'onopang'ono kuti achepetse kapena kuthetsa kufunikira kwa othandizira amkati.

Mbali ina yofunika kwambiri yopangira ndikuwerengera zamtundu wa anisotropic zomwe zili m'magawo osindikizidwa a 3D. Njira yomanga yosanjikiza-ndi-yosanjikiza imatha kubweretsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamakina munjira yowongoka (yomanga) poyerekeza ndi ndege yopingasa. Anisotropy iyi imatha kukhudza magwiridwe antchito ndi kulimba kwa choyimitsa, makamaka pansi pazovuta kwambiri. Opanga amayenera kuganizira zamayendedwe awa pozindikira momwe amamangidwira ndipo angafunikire kusintha mawonekedwe a impeller kapena mawonekedwe amkati kuti athe kubwezera kusiyana kumeneku.

Kasamalidwe ka matenthedwe panthawi yosindikiza ndichinthu chinanso chofunikira kwambiri choganizira kapangidwe kake. Kuyika kwamphamvu kwamphamvu komwe kumafunikira kusungunula titaniyamu aloyi ufa kumatha kubweretsa kupsinjika kwakukulu kwamafuta ndi kusokoneza mu gawo losindikizidwa. Okonza ayenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi ndi akatswiri opanga ma process kuti apange njira zoyendetsera kugawa kutentha ndi kuziziritsa pomanga pomanga. Izi zingaphatikizepo kusintha ma geometry a impeller kuti alimbikitse kugawa kutentha kwambiri, kuphatikiza zochepetsera kupsinjika, kapena kupanga zida zothandizira zomwe zimawirikiza kawiri ngati zozama za kutentha.

Mapeto a pamwamba ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga kopangira makina osindikizira a 3D. Njira yomanga yosanjikiza ndi yosanjikiza mwachilengedwe imapanga mawonekedwe apamwamba, omwe amatha kusokoneza mphamvu yamadzimadzi a impeller ndi mphamvu zake. Ngakhale kukonzanso pambuyo pake kumatha kuwongolera kumtunda pang'ono, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa ndime zamkati. Choncho okonza ayenera kuganizira njira zochepetsera kuuma kwa pamwamba, monga kuphatikizira zinthu zokulirapo pang'ono zomwe zitha kumalizidwa pambuyo pa kusindikiza kapena kuwongolera momwe amamangidwira kuti agwirizanitse zigawo ndi njira yamadzimadzi momwe zingathere.

Pomaliza, opanga akuyenera kuganizira zoperewera zaukadaulo wamakono wosindikiza wa 3D potengera kukula kwa mawonekedwe ochepera komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamapangidwe. Izi zingafunike kuphwanya ma impellers akuluakulu kukhala zigawo zing'onozing'ono zomwe zingathe kusindikizidwa padera ndi kusonkhanitsa, kapena kukonzanso zinthu kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zikugwirizana ndi kukula kochepa kosindikiza pamene zikugwira ntchito.

Ndi njira ziti zapambuyo pokonza zomwe zimafunikira pa 3D printed titanium alloy impellers?

Post-processing ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri pakupanga 3D yosindikizidwa titanium alloy impellers, nthawi zambiri zimafuna nthawi ndi ukatswiri wochuluka monga momwe amasindikizira. Ma geometry ovuta a ma impellers, ophatikizidwa ndi zovuta zapadera zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi titaniyamu alloys, zimafunikira njira yosinthira masitepe angapo kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira zamakina, kulondola kwa dimensional, ndi kumaliza pamwamba.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyamba pambuyo pokonza ndi chithandizo cha kutentha kwa nkhawa. Kutentha kofulumira ndi kuzizira panthawi yosindikiza ya 3D kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta zotsalira mu choyimitsa. Zopanikizika izi zimatha kusokoneza kapena kusweka ngati sizikuyendetsedwa bwino. Kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa kutentha kumaphatikizapo kutenthetsa mosamala gawo losindikizidwa ku kutentha kwina pansi pa chinthucho ndikuchisunga kwanthawi yodziwikiratu isanazilire pang'onopang'ono. Njirayi imalola kuti zovuta zamkati zigawidwenso ndikupumula, kuwongolera kukhazikika kwa gawolo ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha warpage kapena kulephera pakukonza kapena kugwiritsa ntchito.

Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) ndi njira ina yofunika kwambiri yosinthira pambuyo pokonza zosindikizira za 3D za titanium alloy. HIP imaphatikizapo kuyika gawolo pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya wa isostatic nthawi imodzi. Njirayi imatha kuthetsa porosity yamkati, yomwe ndi nkhani wamba m'magawo osindikizidwa a 3D. Potseka ma voids amkati awa, HIP imathandizira kwambiri kukana kutopa kwa impeller, ductility, komanso makina onse. Komabe, HIP ndi njira yowononga nthawi komanso yokwera mtengo, yomwe imafunikira zida zapadera komanso kuwongolera mosamala magawo azinthu kuti mupewe kusintha kosafunikira kwa microstructural mu aloyi ya titaniyamu.

Kumaliza pamwamba mwina ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri pakukonza pambuyo 3D yosindikizidwa titanium alloy impellers. Kuuma kwapamwamba komwe kumasindikizidwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosayenera pakugwiritsa ntchito madzimadzi ochita bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimafunikira ntchito yomaliza. Njira zomalizirira zachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa ndi ma geometries amkati a impeller, omwe sangafikike ku zida wamba. Kuyika kwa mankhwala kutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kutha kwa pamwamba mofanana, kuphatikiza ndime zamkati, koma kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti zipewe kukomoka kapena kusintha miyeso yovuta.

Njira zomalizirira zapamwamba monga ma abrasive flow machining kapena electro-chemical polishing akugwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira pa zosindikizira za 3D. Njirazi zimatha kutulutsa zomaliza zabwino kwambiri ngakhale muzojambula zamkati zovuta, koma zimafunikira zida zapadera ndi ukadaulo kuti zitheke bwino.

Kutsimikizira kwa dimensional ndi kuyang'anira ma geometric ndi njira zomaliza zomaliza pakukonza ntchito. Zotulutsa zosindikizidwa za 3D zitha kupatuka pamiyeso yomwe ikufunidwa chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa kutentha, kuchepa, kapena zinthu zina panthawi yosindikiza ndi kukonzanso. Njira zotsogola za metrology, kuphatikiza kusanthula kwa computed tomography (CT), nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kuti mutsimikizire ma geometries amkati a ma impeller ovuta. Kupatuka kulikonse kuyenera kuwunikiridwa mosamala ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kuwongolera pogwiritsa ntchito makina owonjezera kapena kukonzanso.

Pomaliza, ngakhale kusindikiza kwa 3D kumapereka mwayi womwe sunachitikepo wopangira zopangira zovuta za titaniyamu, kumabweretsanso zovuta zazikulu panthawi yonse yopanga. Kuchokera pakuwonetsetsa kuti ufa uli wabwino komanso kukhathamiritsa kapangidwe kazinthu zopangira zowonjezera mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe athunthu atatha kukonza, gawo lililonse limafuna kuwunika mosamala komanso ukadaulo wapadera. Pamene teknoloji ikupitirizabe kusinthika, kuthana ndi zovutazi kudzakhala kofunika kwambiri kuti muzindikire zomwe zingatheke 3D yosindikizidwa titanium alloy impellers kudutsa mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

Ku SHAANXI CXMET TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD, timanyadira zamitundu yathu yayikulu, yomwe imathandizira zosowa zosiyanasiyana zamakasitomala. Kampani yathu ili ndi luso lapadera lopanga ndi kukonza, kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zathu ndi zapamwamba komanso zolondola. Ndife odzipereka pazatsopano ndipo timayesetsa mosalekeza kupanga zinthu zatsopano, kutipangitsa kukhala patsogolo pamakampani athu. Ndi luso lotsogola laukadaulo, timatha kusintha ndikusintha msika womwe ukusintha mwachangu. Kuphatikiza apo, timapereka mayankho osinthika kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zamakasitomala athu. Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi zinthu zathu kapena mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zazomwe timapereka, chonde musazengereze kutilankhula nafe pa sales@cxmet.com. Gulu lathu limakhala lokonzeka nthawi zonse kukuthandizani.

Zothandizira:

1. DebRoy, T., Wei, HL, Zuback, JS, Mukherjee, T., Elmer, JW, Milewski, JO, ... & Zhang, W. (2018). Kupanga kowonjezera kwazitsulo zazitsulo - Njira, kapangidwe ndi katundu. Kupita patsogolo kwa Sayansi Yazinthu, 92, 112-224.

2. Imbani, SL, An, J., Yeong, WY, & Wiria, FE (2016). Laser ndi electron-beam-beam powder-bed additive additive implants zitsulo: kubwereza ndondomeko, zipangizo ndi mapangidwe. Journal of Orthopedic Research, 34 (3), 369-385.

3. Herzog, D., Seyda, V., Wycisk, E., & Emmelmann, C. (2016). Kupanga kowonjezera kwazitsulo. Acta Materialia, 117, 371-392.

4. Hann, B., Strauß, J., & Schmid, M. (2021). Ubwino wa ufa ndi kupanga mu L-PBF ya Ti-6Al-4V: Ndemanga. Kupita patsogolo kwa Zopanga Zowonjezera, 6(1), 1-24.

5. Yang, L., Hsu, K., Baughman, B., Godfrey, D., Medina, F., Menon, M., & Wiener, S. (2017). Kupanga Zowonjezera Zazitsulo: Ukadaulo, Zida, Mapangidwe ndi Kupanga. Springer.

6. Banerjee, D., & Williams, JC (2013). Malingaliro pa sayansi ya titaniyamu ndiukadaulo. Acta Materialia, 61(3), 844-879.

7. Thompson, SM, Bian, L., Shamsaei, N., & Yadollahi, A. (2015). Chidule cha Direct Laser Deposition yopanga zowonjezera; Gawo I: Zochitika zamagalimoto, ma modelling ndi diagnostics. Kupanga Zowonjezera, 8, 36-62.

8. Leuders, S., Thöne, M., Riemer, A., Niendorf, T., Tröster, T., Richard, HA, & Maier, HJ (2013). Pa makina amachitidwe a titaniyamu aloyi TiAl6V4 opangidwa ndi kusankha laser kusungunuka: Kutopa kukana ndi kuchita mng'alu kukula. International Journal of Fatigue, 48, 300-307.

9. Tofail, SA, Koumoulos, EP, Bandyopadhyay, A., Bose, S., O'Donoghue, L., & Charitidis, C. (2018). Kupanga zowonjezera: zovuta zasayansi ndiukadaulo, kutengera msika ndi mwayi. Zipangizo Masiku Ano, 21(1), 22-37.

10. Froes, F., & Boyer, R. (2019). Kupanga Zowonjezera kwa Makampani Azamlengalenga. Elsevier.