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Titaniyamu weld khosi flanges ndizofunikira kwambiri pamakina opangira mapaipi, makamaka m'mafakitale omwe amafunikira kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa kulemera komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri. Ma flanges awa adapangidwa kuti aziwotcherera mwachindunji ku chitoliro, ndikupanga kulumikizana kopanda msoko komanso kolimba. Miyezo ya titanium weld neck flanges ndiyofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti ikuyenera, magwiridwe antchito, komanso kutsata miyezo yamakampani. Nkhaniyi ifufuza mbali zosiyanasiyana za titanium weld neck flange miyeso, kuphatikizapo kufunikira kwake, kukula kwake, ndi zifukwa zomwe zimakhudza kusankha kwawo.

Kodi miyeso yokhazikika ya titanium weld neck flange ndi iti?

Titanium weld neck flanges imapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zamapaipi. Miyezo yodziwika bwino yolamulira miyeso iyi ndi ASME B16.5 ndi ASME B16.47. Miyezo imeneyi imapereka makulidwe a flange kuyambira 1/2 inch (15 mm) mpaka 24 mainchesi (600 mm) kwa ASME B16.5, komanso kuchokera 26 mainchesi (650 mm) mpaka 60 mainchesi (1500 mm) kwa ASME B16.47 .

Miyeso yokhazikika ya titaniyamu weld khosi flanges nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi miyeso iyi:

1. Kukula Kwapaipi Kwadzina (NPS): Izi zikutanthauza pafupifupi m'mimba mwake mkati mwa chitoliro chomwe flange idzalumikizidwa. Makhalidwe wamba a NPS amachokera ku 1/2 inchi mpaka 24 mainchesi ang'onoang'ono a flanges, mpaka mainchesi 60 kwa zazikulu.

2. Kunja kwa Diameter (OD): OD ya flange ndi yaikulu kuposa NPS ndipo imasiyana malinga ndi kupanikizika. Mwachitsanzo, flange ya 4-inch NPS ikhoza kukhala ndi OD ya mainchesi 9 pamlingo wa 150# kapena mainchesi 10 pamlingo wa 300#.

3. Bore Diameter: Uwu ndi m'mimba mwake wamkati wa flange, womwe umafanana ndi m'mimba mwake wa chitoliro cholumikizidwa.

4. Makulidwe: Makulidwe a flange amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi zinthu zakuthupi. Kuthamanga kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumafuna ma flanges okhuthala.

5. Bolt Circle Diameter (BCD): Ichi ndi chozungulira cha bwalo chomwe chimapangidwa ndi malo a mabowo a bolt. BCD imakula ndi kukula kwa flange ndi kupanikizika.

6. Chiwerengero ndi Kukula kwa Mabowo a Bolt: Kuchuluka ndi miyeso ya mabowo a bolt zimadalira kukula kwa flange ndi kupanikizika. Ma flanges akulu ndi ma ratings apamwamba amafunikira mabawuti okulirapo.

7. Kutalika kwa Nkhope: Kwa ma flanges okwezeka a nkhope, kukula kwake kumatanthawuza kutalika kwa gawo lokwezeka pa nkhope ya flange.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ngakhale kukula kwake kokhazikika kumapereka poyambira koyambira, miyeso yokhazikika ingafunike pamapulogalamu enaake. Zinthu monga kuthamanga kwa ntchito, kutentha, ndi zinthu zenizeni za titaniyamu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimatha kukhudza miyeso yomaliza ya flange.

Posankha titanium weld neck flanges, mainjiniya sayenera kungoganizira kukula kwake komanso zofunikira zomwe akugwiritsa ntchito. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kufunsira kwa opanga ma flange kapena akatswiri kuti awonetsetse kuti miyeso yosankhidwayo ipereka magwiridwe antchito komanso chitetezo chokwanira momwe amagwirira ntchito.

Kodi kupanikizika kumakhudza bwanji mawonekedwe a titanium weld neck flange?

Kutengera kupanikizika kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuzindikira kukula kwa titanium weld neck flanges. Kuthamanga kwa flange kumasonyeza kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa mkati komwe kumatha kupirira kutentha kwapadera. Pamene chiwerengero cha kupanikizika chikuwonjezeka, miyeso yambiri ya flange imakhudzidwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zimakhazikika komanso zimagwira ntchito pansi pa zovuta zambiri.

Kupanikizika kofala kwa titanium weld neck flanges ndi:

• 150 #
• 300 #
• 600 #
• 900 #
• 1500 #
• 2500 #

Umu ndi momwe ma ratings amakhudzira magawo osiyanasiyana a titaniyamu weld khosi flanges:

1. Kukula kwa Flange: Pamene kupanikizika kumawonjezeka, makulidwe a flange nthawi zambiri amawonjezeka kuti apereke mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana kusinthika. Mwachitsanzo, 4-inchi 150# flange akhoza makulidwe a mainchesi 0.68, pamene 4-inchi 300# flange akhoza kukhala makulidwe mainchesi 0.75.

2. Kunja kwa Diameter (OD): Kuthamanga kwapamwamba nthawi zambiri kumafuna ma OD akuluakulu kuti agwirizane ndi makulidwe owonjezereka ndikupereka zinthu zokwanira mabowo a bolt. Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chomwecho cha 4-inch flange, chiwerengero cha 150 # chikhoza kukhala ndi OD ya mainchesi 9, pamene chiwerengero cha 300 # chikhoza kukhala ndi OD ya mainchesi 10.

3. Bolt Circle Diameter (BCD): BCD nthawi zambiri imawonjezeka ndi kukakamiza kwakukulu kuti ilole ma bolts akuluakulu ndi ambiri. Kuwonjezeka kwa BCD uku kumathandizira kuwonjezereka kwa OD ya flange.

4. Nambala ndi Kukula kwa Mabowo a Bolt: Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwambiri kumafunikira ma bolts ambiri ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu kuti agawire mphamvu zowonjezereka mofanana. Mwachitsanzo, 4-inch 150# flange ikhoza kukhala ndi mabowo 8, pamene 300 # flange ya kukula kwake ingakhale ndi mabowo 8 kapena 12, malingana ndi muyezo wapadera.

5. Hub Length: Kutalika kwa hub, yomwe ndi gawo la flange lomwe limapitirira kupyola nkhope ya flange kuti liwotcherera ku chitoliro, likhoza kuwonjezeka ndi kupanikizika kwapamwamba kuti apereke mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi kugawa bwino maganizo.

6. Kutalika kwa nkhope: Kwa mawonekedwe okwera a nkhope, kutalika kwa gawo lokwezeka likhoza kuwonjezeka ndi kukakamiza kwakukulu kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti chisindikizo chabwino chikuwonjezeka.

7. Makulidwe a khoma: Makulidwe a khoma la gawo la hub nthawi zambiri amawonjezeka ndi kukakamiza kwakukulu kuti athe kupirira zovuta zamkati.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ngakhale izi zimagwira ntchito, miyeso yeniyeni imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi muyezo womwe ukutsatiridwa (mwachitsanzo, ASME B16.5 kapena ASME B16.47) ndi kapangidwe ka wopanga.

Posankha titanium weld neck flanges kuti agwiritse ntchito mothamanga kwambiri, mainjiniya amayenera kuganizira mozama osati kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kokha komanso kutentha komwe kumagwirira ntchito. Mphamvu ya Titaniyamu ndi machitidwe ake amatha kusintha ndi kutentha, zomwe zingakhudze kuthamanga kwakukulu kovomerezeka (MAWP) kwa flange.

Kuphatikiza apo, kusankha kwa titaniyamu aloyi kumatha kukhudza mphamvu ya flange ndi kukula kwake. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya titaniyamu imakhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatha kuloleza kusinthidwa pang'ono mumiyeso ya flange ndikukwaniritsa kukakamiza kofunikira.

Mwachidule, kupanikizika kumakhudza kwambiri miyeso ya titaniyamu weld khosi flanges, yokhala ndi mavoti apamwamba nthawi zambiri imabweretsa mapangidwe akuluakulu, okhuthala, komanso olimba kwambiri. Kusankha koyenera kwa miyeso ya flange potengera kukakamizidwa ndikofunikira kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo, kudalirika, komanso moyo wautali wamapaipi pamakina othamanga kwambiri.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha miyeso ya titaniyamu weld neck flange?

Kusankha miyeso yoyenera titaniyamu weld khosi flanges ndi lingaliro lofunikira lomwe limakhudza magwiridwe antchito, chitetezo, komanso magwiridwe antchito a mapaipi. Zinthu zingapo ziyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala kuti zitsimikizire kuti miyeso ya flange yosankhidwa ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito. Nazi zinthu zofunika kuziganizira:

1. Kuthamanga kwa Ntchito ndi Kutentha:

Kuthamanga kwa ntchito ndi kutentha kwa dongosololi ndizofunikira kwambiri pozindikira miyeso ya flange. Kupanikizika kwakukulu ndi kutentha nthawi zambiri kumafuna ma flange akuluakulu, okhuthala okhala ndi ma bawuti olimba kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuganizira osati momwe zimagwirira ntchito bwino komanso kupanikizika komwe kungachitike komanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kapena kukhumudwa komwe makina angakumane nawo.

2. Ndondomeko ya Chitoliro ndi Zida:

Miyeso ya chitoliro chomwe flange idzawotcherera imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusankha flange. Kunja kwa chitoliro, makulidwe a khoma, ndi zinthu ziyenera kugwirizana ndi miyeso ya flange. Kwa mapaipi a titaniyamu, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti makulidwe a flange ndi makulidwe ake akugwirizana ndi chitolirocho kuti alole kuwotcherera ndi kuyanika koyenera.

3. Corrosion Allowance:

M'malo ochita dzimbiri, pangafunike kuphatikizira gawo la dzimbiri mumiyeso ya flange. Ngakhale titaniyamu ndi yosagwira dzimbiri, mankhwala ena aukali kapena ntchito zotentha kwambiri zingafunikebe makulidwe owonjezera kuti awerengere kuwonongeka kwa zinthu pakapita nthawi.

4. Katundu Wamakina:

Zolemetsa zakunja monga nthawi yopindika, mphamvu za axial, ndi kupsinjika kwa torsional zimatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a flange. Zonyamula izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha kukula kwa flange, makamaka pamapulogalamu omwe kugwedezeka kwakukulu kapena kukulitsa kwamafuta kumayembekezeredwa.

5. Zofunikira za Mtundu wa Gasket ndi Kusindikiza:

Mtundu wa gasket woti ugwiritsidwe ntchito komanso zofunikira zosindikizira zitha kukhudza kukula kwa flange. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina ya gasket ingafunike kumaliza kumaso kapena miyeso kuti musindikize bwino. Kutalika kwa nkhope kapena kukula kwa ma flanges amtundu wa ring-type (RTJ) ayenera kusankhidwa mosamala potengera momwe gasket imapangidwira.

6. Torque ya Bolt ndi Kuyikiratu:

Miyeso ya flange, makamaka makulidwe ndi kukula kwa bowo la bawuti, iyenera kukhala yokwanira kupirira ma torque ofunikira ndikuyikanso popanda kupunduka. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka pamapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri pomwe mphamvu zazikulu za bawuti zimafunikira kuti chisindikizo chisungidwe.

7. Zolepheretsa Malo:

Kuyika kwina, kuchepa kwa malo kumatha kuletsa miyeso yovomerezeka ya flange. Izi zitha kukhudza kusankha pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya flange (mwachitsanzo, weld neck vs. slip-on) kapena kufunikira kwa mapangidwe a flange.

8. Kuganizira kulemera kwake:

Ngakhale titaniyamu imadziwika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa kulemera kwake, kulemera kwa ma flanges kumatha kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamapaipi akulu. M'mapulogalamu omwe kulemera ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, monga mapulatifomu am'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena makina apamlengalenga, kukhathamiritsa miyeso ya flange kuti muchepetse kulemera pomwe kusunga magwiridwe antchito kungakhale kofunikira.

9. Kutsata Muyezo:

Kutsatira miyezo yamakampani monga ASME B16.5 kapena ASME B16.47 nthawi zambiri kumafunikira pakutsata malamulo ndi kusinthana. Miyezo iyi imapereka matebulo apadera amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya flange ndi makadi amphamvu, omwe amayenera kutsatiridwa pokhapokha ngati makonda akufunika.

10. Kusankhidwa kwa Gulu la Titanium:

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya titaniyamu imakhala ndi makina osiyanasiyana, omwe amatha kukhudza miyeso yofunikira ya flange. Mwachitsanzo, ma aloyi amphamvu kwambiri amatha kulola kuchepetsedwa pang'ono makulidwe a flange pomwe akukwaniritsa zofunikira.

11. Kukula kwa Matenthedwe:

Chigawo cha Titaniyamu pakukulitsa kutentha chiyenera kuganiziridwa, makamaka m'makina omwe ali ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha. Makulidwe a Flange angafunikire kutengera kufalikira kwa kutentha pakati pa flange, mabawuti, ndi mapaipi olumikizidwa.

12. Kusatopa:

M'mapulogalamu okhala ndi cyclic loading kapena kuthamanga pafupipafupi/kutentha, makulidwe a flange ayenera kukhala okwanira kukana kutopa. Izi zingafunike makulidwe owonjezera kapena mawonekedwe apadera kuti muchepetse kupsinjika.

13. Kuganizira za Kupanga ndi Kuwotcherera:

Kupanga kwa flange ndi kuthekera kopanga ma welds apamwamba ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Kutalika kokwanira kwa hub ndi kusintha koyenera pakati pa khola ndi nkhope ya flange ndizofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kukhulupirika kwa weld.

14. Mtengo ndi kupezeka:

Ngakhale sizinthu zamakono, mtengo ndi kupezeka kwa titaniyamu flanges ndi miyeso yeniyeni kungakhudze kusankha. Miyeso yokhazikika imapezeka mosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo kuposa miyeso yokhazikika.

15. Kukonza ndi Kuyang'anira Tsogolo:

Miyezo ya flange iyenera kuloleza kukonza kosavuta, kuyang'ana, komanso kusinthidwa. Izi zikuphatikiza kuonetsetsa kuti pali malo okwanira zida zomangira bawuti ndikuganizira zofunikira zoyesa zosawononga.

Poganizira mozama zinthu izi, mainjiniya amatha kusankha miyeso ya titanium weld neck flange yomwe imapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino, chitetezo, komanso moyo wautali pazomwe akugwiritsa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopindulitsa kukaonana ndi opanga ma flange kapena akatswiri azinthu kuti muwonetsetse kuti zonse zofunikira zayankhidwa moyenera pakusankha kwa flange.

Pomaliza, miyeso ya titanium weld neck flanges ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakuchita kwawo komanso kukwanira kwazinthu zina. Kuchokera pamiyeso yokhazikika yoyendetsedwa ndi mayendedwe amakampani mpaka kukhudzika kwa kukakamizidwa kwa magawo osiyanasiyana, komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kusankha kwa flange, mainjiniya amayenera kutsata njira yovuta yopangira zisankho. Pomvetsetsa zinthu izi ndi mgwirizano wawo, akatswiri amatha kuonetsetsa kuti osankhidwawo titaniyamu weld khosi flanges idzakwaniritsa zofunikira zamapaipi amakono, makamaka m'mafakitale omwe amathandizira kuti titaniyamu ikhale yamphamvu kwambiri, yocheperako, komanso kukana dzimbiri.

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Zothandizira:

1. ASME B16.5-2017: Pipe Flanges ndi Flanged Fittings NPS 1/2 Kupyolera mu NPS 24 Metric/Inch Standard

2. ASME B16.47-2017: Zitsulo Zazitali Zazitali Zazitali: NPS 26 Kupyolera mu NPS 60 Metric/Inch Standard

3. Nayyar, ML (2000). Piping Handbook (7th ed.). Maphunziro a McGraw-Hill.

4. Smith, P., & Zappe, RW (2004). Buku Losankha Mavavu: Zofunika Zaumisiri Posankha Mapangidwe Olondola a Vavu pa Ntchito Iliyonse Yoyenda Pamafakitale (5th ed.). Gulf Professional Publishing.

5. American Petroleum Institute. (2018). API Standard 6A: Kufotokozera kwa Wellhead ndi Tree Equipment.

6. Antaki, GA (2003). Umisiri wamapaipi ndi mapaipi: Kupanga, Kumanga, Kusamalira, Kukhulupirika, ndi Kukonza. CRC Press.

7. Buthod, P., & Buthod, B. (1997). Buku la Pressure Vessel Handbook (12th ed.). Malingaliro a kampani Pressure Vessel Publishing, Inc.

8. Nesbitt, B. (2007). Handbook of Valves and Actuators: Valves Manual International. Elsevier Science & Technology Books.

9. ASM International. (2015). ASM Handbook, Voliyumu 2: Katundu ndi Kusankhira: Zosakaniza Zopanda Zingwe ndi Zida Zazifukwa Zapadera.

10. Mankins, WL, & Lamb, S. (1990). Nickel ndi Nickel Aloyi. Mu ASM Handbook (Vol. 2, pp. 428-445). ASM International.