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Ndodo zoyera za tungsten ndi zida zomwe zimafunidwa kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso apadera. Ndodozi, zopangidwa ndi elemental tungsten, zimawonetsa zinthu zingapo zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ofunikira pamagwiritsidwe angapo. Kuchokera ku mphamvu zawo zodabwitsa komanso kachulukidwe kawo mpaka kumalo osungunuka kwambiri komanso magetsi abwino kwambiri, ndodo zoyera za tungsten zimapereka ubwino wambiri womwe umawasiyanitsa ndi zipangizo zina. Mu positi iyi yabulogu, tifufuza mwatsatanetsatane za ndodo zoyera za tungsten ndikukambirana momwe angagwiritsire ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa ndodo za tungsten kumasiyana bwanji ndi zitsulo zina?

Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za ndodo zoyera za tungsten ndi kuchuluka kwawo kwapadera. Tungsten ndi imodzi mwazinthu zowundana kwambiri zomwe zimadziwika ndi munthu, zomwe zimakhala ndi kachulukidwe pafupifupi 19.3 magalamu pa kiyubiki centimita (g/cm³) pa kutentha koyenera. Kachulukidwe kochititsa chidwi kameneka ndi kaŵirikaŵiri kuposa kachulukidwe ka mtovu (11.3 g/cm³) ndipo ndi wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zitsulo zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga chitsulo (7.8 g/cm³) ndi mkuwa (8.9 g/cm³).

Kuchulukana kwakukulu kwa ndodo za tungsten kumapereka maubwino angapo pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana. Pankhani yoteteza ma radiation, mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa tungsten kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chida chabwino kwambiri chotetezera ku X-ray ndi gamma ray. Mapangidwe a atomiki a tungsten amawalola kuyamwa ndikuchepetsa bwino ma radiation amphamvu kwambiriwa, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zoyerekeza zamankhwala ndi mafakitale amagetsi a nyukiliya.

M'mafakitale oyendetsa ndege ndi chitetezo, ndodo za tungsten zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zolowera mphamvu za kinetic ndi zotsutsana. Kuchulukana kwakukulu mu voliyumu yaying'ono kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zigawo zophatikizana koma zothandiza kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zolemera za tungsten alloy balance balances zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ndege kuti zisunge kulemera koyenera komanso kusasunthika panthawi yowuluka.

Makampani opanga magalimoto amapindulanso ndi kachulukidwe ka ndodo za tungsten. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma vibration dampers ndi ma crankshaft counterweights, pomwe kuchuluka kwawo mu mawonekedwe ophatikizika kumathandiza kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa injini ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito onse. Kuphatikiza apo, kachulukidwe ka tungsten kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chida chabwino kwambiri popangira masinki osodza ndi zolemera zamakalabu a gofu, zomwe zimapatsa mphamvu zowongolera ndikuchita bwino pamasewerawa.

Kuphatikiza apo, kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka ndodo za tungsten kumathandizira kukana kwawo kuvala bwino. Katunduyu amawapangitsa kukhala abwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodulira, zida zamigodi, ndi zida zina zomwe kukana abrasion ndi kukokoloka ndikofunikira. Mapangidwe olimba a tungsten amalola kuti asunge mawonekedwe ake ndi kukhulupirika ngakhale pansi pazovuta kwambiri, kukulitsa moyo wa zida ndi zida zopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu izi.

Kodi nchiyani chomwe chimapangitsa ndodo za tungsten kupirira kutentha kwambiri?

Chinthu china chodabwitsa cha ndodo zoyera za tungsten ndiko kukana kwawo kwapadera ku kutentha kwakukulu. Tungsten ili ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri kuposa chitsulo chilichonse, pafupifupi 3,422 ° C (6,192 ° F). Kutentha kodabwitsa kumeneku kumapangitsa ndodo za tungsten kukhala zofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri komanso malo ovuta.

Malo osungunuka kwambiri a tungsten amabwera chifukwa cha zomangira zake zolimba za interatomic komanso kapangidwe ka kristalo kakang'ono. Makhalidwewa amalola tungsten kukhalabe mawonekedwe ake olimba komanso makina amakina ngakhale kutentha komwe kungasungunuke kapena kufooketsa zitsulo zina zambiri. Zotsatira zake, ndodo za tungsten zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ng'anjo zotentha kwambiri, zinthu zotenthetsera, ndi machitidwe owongolera kutentha m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

M'makampani owunikira, malo osungunuka a tungsten ndi ofunika kwambiri popanga mababu a incandescent ndi nyali za halogen. Ma tungsten filaments pazida zowunikirazi amatha kupirira kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumapangidwa panthawi yogwira ntchito popanda kusungunuka kapena kupunduka, kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yayitali komanso yodalirika. Momwemonso, m'makampani opanga zamagetsi, ndodo za tungsten zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga machubu a vacuum ndi zida zina zamagetsi zotentha kwambiri.

Magawo owunikira zakuthambo ndi mlengalenga amadalira kwambiri kukana kutentha kwa tungsten popanga ma rocket nozzles, zishango za kutentha, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimayenera kupirira kutentha kwambiri pakukhazikitsa ndikulowanso. Kuthekera kwa ndodo za tungsten kusunga kukhulupirika kwawo pamikhalidwe yotere kumawapangitsa kukhala ofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zovuta izi.

Kuphatikiza apo, kukana kutentha kwambiri kwa ndodo za tungsten ndikofunikira pantchito yoyesa zida ndi kafukufuku. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zotenthetsera m'ng'anjo zotentha kwambiri komanso ngati ma probe oyezera kutentha m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Katunduyu amapangitsanso tungsten kukhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri chowotcherera maelekitirodi, makamaka mu TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), pomwe ma elekitirodi amayenera kupirira kutentha kwambiri kwa arc osasungunuka kapena kuyipitsa dziwe.

Kuphatikiza pa malo ake osungunuka kwambiri, tungsten imawonetsanso kuwonjezereka kwamafuta ochepa komanso kutsika kwamafuta. Zinthuzi zimawonjezeranso kuyenerera kwake kwa ntchito zotentha kwambiri, chifukwa zimathandizira kuti pakhale bata laling'ono komanso kugawa bwino kutentha m'zigawo zopangidwa kuchokera ku ndodo za tungsten.

Kodi mphamvu zamagetsi za ndodo za tungsten zimapindulitsa bwanji mafakitale osiyanasiyana?

Mphamvu zamagetsi za ndodo zoyera za tungsten amatenga gawo lalikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito kwawo mofala m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Tungsten ili ndi kuphatikiza kwapadera kwamphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi komanso kukana kukokoloka kwamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yamtengo wapatali pazambiri zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zamagetsi za tungsten ndi kutsika kwamphamvu kwamagetsi. Pa kutentha kwa chipinda, mphamvu yamagetsi ya tungsten yoyera imakhala pafupifupi 5.6 x 10 ^ -8 ohm-mita, yomwe imakhala yochepa kusiyana ndi zitsulo zina zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi. Kutsika kwamphamvu kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti magetsi aziyenda bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndodo za tungsten zizinyamula bwino magetsi osataya mphamvu pang'ono.

M'makampani owunikira, mphamvu zamagetsi za ndodo za tungsten ndizofunikira pakupanga nyali za incandescent ndi halogen. Kuthamanga kwamagetsi kwa tungsten kumapangitsa kuti magetsi aziyenda bwino kudzera mu filament, pamene kukana kwake kukokoloka kwa magetsi kumatsimikizira moyo wautali wa nyali. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kwa tungsten kusunga umphumphu wake pakutentha kwambiri, kuphatikiza ndi mphamvu zake zamagetsi, kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyali za high-intensity discharge (HID) ndi matekinoloje ena apamwamba owunikira.

Makampani opanga zamagetsi amadalira kwambiri mphamvu zamagetsi za ndodo za tungsten pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Popanga vacuum chubu ndi cathode-ray chubu, tungsten amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maelekitirodi ndi ulusi chifukwa cha malo ake osungunuka kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri otulutsa ma elekitironi. Zinthuzi, kuphatikiza ndi mphamvu yake yamagetsi, zimapanga tungsten kukhala chinthu chabwino kwambiri chopangira zida zamagetsi zolimba komanso zokhalitsa zomwe zimatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kwa ma elekitironi.

M'munda wa ma microelectronics, mphamvu zamagetsi za tungsten zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makina ophatikizika ndi zida za semiconductor. Tungsten interconnects ndi vias amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chip mapangidwe apamwamba chifukwa kutsika kwawo magetsi kukana ndi mkulu electromigration kukana. Makhalidwewa amathandizira kukonza magwiridwe antchito ndi kudalirika kwa ma microprocessors ndi makina ena ovuta amagetsi.

Mphamvu zamagetsi za ndodo za tungsten zimapezanso ntchito m'gawo lamagetsi, makamaka pazida zothamanga kwambiri komanso makina opangira magetsi. Ma alloys a Tungsten amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophwanya ma circulation ndi kulumikizana kwamagetsi chifukwa cha kukana kwawo bwino kwa arc komanso kutha kupirira kutentha kwakukulu komwe kumachitika panthawi yosinthira. M'mafakitale amagetsi a nyukiliya, kuphatikiza kwa tungsten kwamagetsi amagetsi ndi chitetezo cha radiation kumapangitsa kukhala kofunikira popanga zida zamagetsi zapadera zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito m'malo otulutsa ma radiation.

Komanso, mafakitale oyendetsa ndege ndi chitetezo amapindula ndi magetsi a ndodo za tungsten pakupanga njira zamakono zolumikizirana ndi radar. Kutha kwa Tungsten kukhalabe ndi mawonekedwe ake amagetsi pansi pamikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri, monga kutentha kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri, kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumagulu a satana, masensa otengera mlengalenga, ndi zida zina zamagetsi zodalirika kwambiri.

Pomaliza, ndodo zoyera za tungsten ali ndi kuphatikiza kwapadera kwazinthu zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ofunikira m'mafakitale ambiri. Kuchulukana kwawo kwapadera, malo osungunuka kwambiri, komanso mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri amagetsi amathandizira kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito mofala m'magawo kuyambira zakuthambo ndi chitetezo, kuyatsa ndi zamagetsi. Pomwe ukadaulo ukupitilirabe patsogolo, kufunikira kwa zida zokhala ndi zinthu zapamwamba ngati za tungsten kukuyenera kuchulukirachulukira, ndikulimbitsanso malo ake ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani amakono.

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