Titanium 0.8Ni-0.3Mo Grade 12 pepala, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti ASTM Grade 12 titaniyamu, ndi alloy apadera omwe amapangidwira kuti asawononge dzimbiri komanso mphamvu. Izi zimaphatikiza zinthu zabwino kwambiri za titaniyamu ndi faifi tating'ono ndi molybdenum, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ziziyenda bwino m'malo osiyanasiyana ovuta. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pagululi la titaniyamu zimafalikira m'mafakitale angapo, kuphatikiza kukonza mankhwala, uinjiniya wam'madzi, ndi kupanga mafakitale.
Titanium Grade 12 ili ndi kuphatikiza kwapadera komwe kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunikira kwambiri pamafakitale. Kukaniza kwake kwapadera kwa dzimbiri mwina ndi gawo lake lodziwika bwino, makamaka m'malo okhala ndi oxidizing chloride komanso kuchepetsa njira za chloride. Kukaniza uku kumafikira kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zaukali, kuphatikiza ma organic ndi inorganic acid, alkalis, ndi njira zamchere.
Kuwonjezera 0.8% faifi tambala ndi 0.3% molybdenum maziko titaniyamu kumawonjezera mphamvu zake ndi bwino kukana kwake dzimbiri minga. Titaniyamu ya Giredi 12 imawonetsa kukana kwambiri pakubowola ndi kupsinjika kwa dzimbiri, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe zida zina zitha kulephera. Kuchepa kwake, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi kulemera kwake, komanso kukana kutopa bwino kumawonjezera chidwi chake pamafakitale.
Kuphatikiza apo, Titanium Grade 12 imasunga mawonekedwe ake pamakina osiyanasiyana kutentha, kuchokera ku kutentha kwa cryogenic kupita kumtunda wokwera kwambiri. Kukhazikika kwa kutenthaku, kuphatikizidwa ndi kutsika kwake komwe kumawonjezera kutentha, kumapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri pamapulogalamu okhudzana ndi kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kapena kupalasa njinga.
Kugwirizana kwa zinthuzo komanso kusakhala ndi poizoni kumatsegulanso mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito m'mafakitale azachipatala ndi opanga zakudya. Kuthekera kwake kupanga wosanjikiza wokhazikika, woteteza oxide pamwamba pake kumapereka chitetezo chowonjezera ku dzimbiri komanso kumathandizira kukhazikika kwake kwanthawi yayitali.
Izi katundu pamodzi kupanga Titaniyamu Gawo 12 pepala chinthu choyenera pazigawo ndi zomanga zomwe zimafuna kuchita bwino m'malo ovuta, moyo wautali wautumiki, ndi kukonza kochepa.
Poyerekeza Titanium Giredi 12 ndi ma aloyi ena a titaniyamu, ndikofunikira kuganizira zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse. Gulu la 12 limakhala ndi malo apadera pamitundu yambiri ya titaniyamu, zomwe zimapatsa mphamvu pakati pa kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa titaniyamu yoyera yamalonda ndi mphamvu zapamwamba zamagiredi osakanikirana kwambiri.
Poyerekeza ndi magiredi a titaniyamu (Makalasi 1-4), Titanium Giredi 12 imapereka mphamvu zapamwamba komanso kukana dzimbiri, makamaka pochepetsa malo a asidi. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chokondedwa pamapulogalamu omwe titaniyamu yoyera ikhoza kukhala yosakwanira chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu kapena kutengeka ndi dzimbiri zamitundu ina.
Mosiyana ndi ma alpha-beta amphamvu kwambiri monga Ti-6Al-4V (Giredi 5), Gulu la 12 litha kukhala ndi mphamvu zochepa koma limapambana pakukana dzimbiri, makamaka m'malo okhala ndi chloride. Zimakondanso kukhala zowoneka bwino komanso zowotcherera kuposa ma aloyi amphamvu kwambiri awa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzipanga m'mapangidwe ovuta.
Gulu 12 titaniyamu imagawana zofananira ndi magiredi ena olimbana ndi dzimbiri monga Giredi 7 (Ti-0.2Pd) ndi Gulu 11 (Ti-0.2Pd). Komabe, kuwonjezera kwa faifi tambala ndi molybdenum mu Sitandade 12 kumathandizira kukana kuchepetsa zidulo ndi kukonza makina amakina poyerekeza ndi magiredi okhala ndi palladium awa.
Pankhani yotsika mtengo, Gulu la 12 nthawi zambiri limapereka njira yotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi magiredi apamwamba a titaniyamu kapena zida zakunja monga zirconium kapena tantalum pazogwiritsa ntchito zowononga. Kukana kwamphamvu kwa dzimbiri kumatha kubweretsa moyo wautali wautumiki ndikuchepetsa mtengo wokonza, ndikuchotsa mtengo wokwera wazinthu zoyambira poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zina.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ngakhale Gulu la 12 limapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri, pakhoza kukhala zochitika zina pomwe magiredi ena a titaniyamu kapena zida zili zoyenera. Mwachitsanzo, pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira mphamvu zochulukirapo, ma aloyi a alpha-beta kapena beta titaniyamu angakonde. Momwemonso, pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwakukulu kapena komwe kumayenera kukhala koyera kwambiri, magiredi ena kapena zida zina zitha kukhala zoyenera kwambiri.
Kusankha pakati pa Gulu la 12 ndi ma aloyi ena a titaniyamu nthawi zambiri kumabwera pakuwunika mosamalitsa momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira, zofunikira zamakina, zofunikira zopangira, komanso malingaliro azachuma pakugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse. Mainjiniya ndi akatswiri azinthu ayenera kuyeza izi kuti adziwe zomwe zili zoyenera kwambiri pazosowa zawo.
Ngakhale Titanium Grade 12 imapereka maubwino ambiri pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito, kupanga ndi kupanga kwake kumapereka zovuta zingapo zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa kuti zitsimikizire kupanga zida zapamwamba kwambiri.
Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu popanga pepala la Titanium Giredi 12 ndikuwongolera kapangidwe ka aloyi. Kuwonjezedwa kolondola kwa nickel ndi molybdenum ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse zomwe mukufuna. Ngakhale kusiyanasiyana kwakung'ono pamapangidwe a alloy kumatha kukhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito azinthu, makamaka kukana kwa dzimbiri. Izi zimafuna miyeso yokhazikika yowongolera bwino panjira yonse yosungunula ndi ma alloying.
Kuchulukanso kwa titaniyamu pamatenthedwe okwera kumabweretsa vuto lina lalikulu panthawi yopanga. Titaniyamu imayamwa mpweya, nayitrogeni, ndi haidrojeni mosavuta ikatenthedwa, zomwe zimatha kupangitsa kuti mawotchiwo asokonezeke komanso kuwonongeka kwa makina. Pofuna kupewa izi, njira zonse zotentha kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kusungunula, kupangira, ndi kutentha, ziyenera kuchitidwa mumlengalenga kapena mpweya wa mpweya. Chofunikira ichi chimawonjezera zovuta komanso mtengo pakupanga.
Kupanga Titaniyamu Gawo 12 pepala Zingakhalenso zovuta chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapamwamba komanso ductility yochepa poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zina zambiri. Zozizira zopanga maopaleshoni zingafunike masitepe pafupipafupi kuti mubwezeretse mawonekedwe. Kupanga kotentha nthawi zambiri kumakondedwa koma kumafunikira kuwongolera kutentha kuti musamakhale ndi okosijeni wambiri kapena mapangidwe a alpha pamwamba.
Machining Titanium Giredi 12 imapereka zovuta zake. Kutsika kwamafuta azinthu komanso kusinthika kwamphamvu kwamankhwala ndi zida zodulira kumatha kupangitsa kuti zida zivale mwachangu komanso kutha kwapamwamba ngati sizikuyendetsedwa bwino. Zida zodulira mwapadera, liwiro lotsika, komanso kuziziritsa kwambiri zimafunikira kuti tipeze zotsatira zokhutiritsa.
Kuwotcherera Titanium Giredi 12 kumafuna kukonzekera bwino komanso kuphedwa. Kukhazikika kwa zinthuzo kumafunikira chitetezo cholimba kuti chisaipitsidwe ndi mlengalenga panthawi yowotcherera. Kuteteza kwa gasi wosagwira ntchito kuyenera kusamalidwa osati pakuwotcherera kokha komanso pamene zinthuzo zikuzizira kuti zisawonongeke. Chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa weld kungakhale kofunikira kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kotsalira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti cholumikizira chowotchereracho chikuyenda bwino.
Kukonzekera pamwamba ndi kumaliza pepala la Titanium Giredi 12 kumafunikiranso kuganiziridwa mwapadera. Zosanjikiza zachilengedwe za oxide zakuthupi zimapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri, koma wosanjikizawu ukhoza kuonongeka panthawi yopanga. Kuyeretsa koyenera, pickling, ndi passivation ndi zofunika kuti abwezeretse ndi kukhathamiritsa wosanjikiza oxide oxide.
Pomaliza, kugwira ndi kusunga pepala la Titanium Grade 12 kumafuna chisamaliro kuti zisawonongeke kapena kuwonongeka. Kukhudzana ndi zitsulo zina, makamaka zachitsulo, kuyenera kupewedwa kuti zipewe kuipitsidwa komwe kungasokoneze kukana dzimbiri.
Ngakhale pali zovuta izi, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wopanga komanso kumvetsetsa bwino kwazitsulo za titaniyamu kwapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kupanga ndi kupanga mapepala a Titanium Giredi 12 kuti agwiritse ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Kuthana ndi zovuta izi ndikofunikira kuti tigwiritse ntchito bwino zinthu zapadera zamtunduwu m'malo ofunikira amakampani.
Pomaliza, Titanium 0.8Ni-0.3Mo Grade 12 pepala ndi zinthu zosunthika komanso zogwira ntchito kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana m'malo owononga komanso ovuta. Kuphatikizika kwake kwapadera, kuphatikiza kukana kwa dzimbiri, mphamvu zabwino, ndi mawonekedwe ake, kumapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yowoneka bwino pamafakitale kuyambira pakukonza mankhwala mpaka mainjiniya apanyanja. Ngakhale imabweretsa zovuta zina zopanga ndi kupanga, izi zitha kuthetsedwa ndi njira zoyenera komanso zodzitetezera. Pamene mafakitale akupitilizabe kufunafuna zida zomwe zitha kupirira zovuta zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira, Titanium Grade 12 ikuyenera kukhala njira yofunikira kwa mainjiniya ndi opanga.
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