chidziwitso

Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) ma waya anode zakhala zikudziwika kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha ntchito zawo zapadera komanso kulimba. Ma anode awa amatenga gawo lofunikira pamakina oteteza ma cathodic, njira zama electrochemical, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amadzi. Kumvetsetsa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza momwe amagwirira ntchito ndikofunikira kuti akwaniritse ntchito yawo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali. Mu positi iyi yabulogu, tiwona zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a MMO wire anode ndikukambirana momwe angakulitsire kuthekera kwawo pamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana.

Kodi maubwino ogwiritsira ntchito ma MMO wire anode kuposa ma anode achikhalidwe ndi ati?

Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) ma waya anode ayamba kukopa kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, makamaka chifukwa cha zabwino zambiri kuposa zida zachikhalidwe za anode. Zopindulitsa izi zimachokera ku mapangidwe awo apadera ndi kupanga kwawo, zomwe zimabweretsa machitidwe apamwamba pamagwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana.

Chimodzi mwazabwino zazikulu za ma MMO wire anode ndi kukhazikika kwawo kwapadera komanso moyo wautali. Mosiyana ndi ma anode achikhalidwe opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu monga graphite kapena chitsulo cha silicon chambiri, ma MMO anode amatha kupirira zovuta zachilengedwe ndikukhalabe amphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali. Kutalika kwa moyo uku kumabwera chifukwa cha zokutira zokhazikika za oxide pamwamba pawo, zomwe zimakana kuvala ndi kuwonongeka ngakhale pansi pa zovuta zogwirira ntchito.

Kapangidwe ka MMO waya anode nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi gawo lapansi la titaniyamu lomwe limakutidwa ndi kusakaniza kwazitsulo zamtengo wapatali, monga iridium, ruthenium, ndi tantalum. Kuphatikiza uku kumapangitsa kuti magetsi aziyenda bwino komanso kuchepa kwamphamvu kwa oxygen. Zotsatira zake, ma MMO anode amafunikira mphamvu zochepa kuti azigwira ntchito bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zichepetse komanso kutsika mtengo wogwirira ntchito poyerekeza ndi zida zachikhalidwe za anode.

Ubwino wina wofunikira wa ma MMO wire anode ndi kusinthasintha kwawo pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Anode awa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza madzi am'nyanja, madzi abwino, ndi nthaka. Kusinthasintha kwawo kumalola kuyika kosavuta mu ma geometri ovuta komanso malo otsekeka, kuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi, nyumba zakunja, ndi matanki osungira pansi.

Ma wire anode a MMO amawonetsanso kusinthika kwamphamvu kwa klorini, komwe kumakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri pakuyeretsa madzi. Katunduyu amawathandiza kupanga bwino klorini kuti aphe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuchepetsa mapangidwe azinthu zosafunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsika kwawo kumapangitsa kuti malo ozungulira awonongeke pang'ono, kuwapangitsa kukhala okonda zachilengedwe m'mafakitale ambiri.

Kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe a MMO wire anode ndi mwayi wina wodziwika. Mosiyana ndi ma anode ena achikhalidwe omwe amatha kukumana ndi kusintha kwakukulu pakukula kapena mawonekedwe panthawi yogwira ntchito, ma MMO anode amasunga mawonekedwe awo nthawi yonse yautumiki. Kukhazikika kumeneku kumatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kosasinthasintha ndikuchotsa kufunika kosintha pafupipafupi kapena kusintha.

Kodi mapangidwe a MMO wire anode amakhudza bwanji magwiridwe antchito awo?

Kapangidwe ka Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) waya anode amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuzindikira momwe amagwirira ntchito. Kumvetsetsa kukhudzika kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zophatikizika ndikofunikira pakuwongolera kapangidwe ka anode ndikusankha anode yoyenera kwambiri pazogwiritsa ntchito zinazake. Tiyeni tifufuze mbali zazikulu za mawonekedwe a MMO wire anode ndi momwe zimakhudzira magwiridwe antchito.

Pakatikati pa MMO waya anode nthawi zambiri ndi titaniyamu gawo lapansi, losankhidwa chifukwa cha kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso mphamvu zamakina. Maziko a titaniyamu amapereka kukhulupirika kwadongosolo ndipo amakhala ngati njira yoyendetsera magetsi. Komabe, ndi zokutira za oxide zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku gawo lapansili zomwe zimatanthauzira momwe anode amagwirira ntchito.

Kupaka kwa oxide kumakhala ndi kusakaniza kwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, zomwe zimakhala ndi iridium oxide (IrO2), ruthenium oxide (RuO2), ndi tantalum oxide (Ta2O5). Iliyonse mwa ma oxides awa imathandizira mawonekedwe ake pakuchita konse kwa anode:

1. Iridium Oxide (IrO2): Imadziwika chifukwa cha ntchito yake yothandiza kwambiri, IrO2 ndiyomwe imapangitsa kuti anode ikhale yochepa kwambiri pakusintha kwa okosijeni. Katunduyu ndi wofunikira pakuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu panthawi yogwira ntchito. Iridium oxide imathandizanso kuti anode ikhale yolimba, chifukwa imapanga wosanjikiza wokhazikika, wosachita dzimbiri.

2. Ruthenium Oxide (RuO2): Mofanana ndi IrO2, RuO2 imasonyeza zinthu zothandiza kwambiri komanso zotsika kwambiri za kusintha kwa klorini. Imakulitsa kusinthika kwa anode ndipo imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupangira chlorine, monga kuthira madzi.

3. Tantalum Oxide (Ta2O5): Chigawo ichi chimathandiza kukhazikika kwa zokutira ndikusintha moyo wake wautali. Tantalum oxide imawonjezera kukana kwa zokutira kuti zisungunuke, makamaka m'malo okhala acidic kwambiri.

Kuchuluka kwa ma oxides awa mu zokutira kumakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe a anode. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa IrO2 ndi RuO2 nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kutsika kwamphamvu komanso kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zothandiza. Komabe, izi zitha kubwera pamtengo wochepetsera kukhazikika m'malo ena. Mosiyana ndi izi, kukulitsa zomwe zili mu Ta2O5 kumatha kukulitsa kulimba koma kungachepetse pang'ono kuchita bwino.

Kuphatikiza pazigawo zazikuluzikuluzi, ma oxide ena achitsulo amatha kuphatikizidwa mu zokutira kuti akonzenso zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo:

- Titanium Oxide (TiO2): Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko kuti azitha kumamatira pakati pa gawo lapansi la titaniyamu ndi zokutira za oxide.

- Niobium Oxide (Nb2O5): Itha kuwonjezeredwa kuti ikhale yokhazikika komanso yolimba, makamaka pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri.

- Tin Oxide (SnO2): Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza ma conductivity ndi bata m'malo ena.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito zokutira za oxide imakhudzanso magwiridwe antchito. Njira zotsogola monga kuwonongeka kwamafuta ndi ma electrodeposition zimalola kuwongolera bwino kwa makulidwe a zokutira ndi kapangidwe kake. Kuchuluka kwa zokutira ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri; pomwe zokutira zokulirapo zitha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba, zimathanso kuyambitsa kukana kwamagetsi komanso kuchepa kwachangu.

The microstructure wa ❖ kuyanika oxide, wotsimikiziridwa ndi kupanga ndi kapangidwe kake, zimakhudza malo a anode ndipo, chifukwa chake, ntchito yake yothandiza. Kapangidwe kamene kamakhala ndi pobowo kambiri kokhala ndi malo akulu kwambiri kaŵirikaŵiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito yabwinoko chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa malo ochitirapo ma electrochemical reaction.

Pomaliza, mapangidwe a MMO wire anode ndi kuphatikizika kovutirapo kwa ma oxide achitsulo osiyanasiyana, chilichonse chimathandizira kuti anode agwire ntchito yonse. Mwa kulinganiza kapangidwe kake mosamala, opanga amatha kukulitsa ma anode kuti agwiritse ntchito mwapadera, kulinganiza zinthu monga chothandizira, kulimba, komanso kuchita bwino. Pamene kafukufukuyu akupitilirabe, titha kuyembekezera kukonzanso kwa kapangidwe kake ndi njira zopangira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma waya a MMO akhale olimba komanso olimba mtsogolo.

Ndi zinthu ziti zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa ma MMO wire anode?

Kutalika kwanthawi yayitali komanso kugwira ntchito kwa ma waya a Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO) kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi momwe chilengedwe chimagwirira ntchito. Ngakhale ma anode awa amadziwika chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo komanso kukana zinthu zovuta, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe zimatha kukhudza moyo wawo komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito. Kumvetsetsa zinthu izi ndikofunikira pakusankha koyenera kwa anode, kukhazikitsa, ndi kukonza, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito ndi okwera mtengo pamakina oteteza cathodic ndi ntchito zina.

1. Kutentha:

Kutentha kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa MMO waya anode. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwapamwamba kumathandizira kusintha kwamankhwala ndi ma electrochemical, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonjezereka komanso kuwonongeka kwa zokutira za anode. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kwambiri kungayambitse kupsinjika kwa kutentha komwe kumakhudza kukhulupirika kwa zokutira kapena gawo lapansi la titaniyamu.

- Mulingo woyenera kwambiri: Ambiri a MMO mawaya anode amachita bwino kwambiri kutentha kwapakati pa 20°C ndi 60°C (68°F mpaka 140°F).

- Kutentha Kwapamwamba: Kutentha pamwamba pa 80 ° C (176 ° F) kungachepetse kwambiri moyo wa anode mwa kufulumizitsa kusungunuka kwa zokutira za oxide.

- Kuganizira kwa Kutentha Kwambiri: Ngakhale kuli kovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi kutentha kwakukulu, kutentha kochepa kwambiri kungayambitse kupsinjika kwa kutentha chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa gawo lapansi ndi zokutira.

Kuti muchepetse zovuta zokhudzana ndi kutentha, ndikofunikira kusankha ma anode okhala ndi nyimbo zokongoletsedwa ndi kutentha komwe kumayembekezeredwa. Pazotentha kwambiri, ma anode okhala ndi tantalum oxide okwera amatha kukhazikika.

2. pH mlingo:

The acidity kapena alkalinity zachilengedwe zimakhudza kwambiri MMO waya anode ntchito ndi moyo. Ma anode awa adapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito pamitundu yambiri ya pH, koma mikhalidwe yoipitsitsa imatha kuthamangitsa kuwonongeka.

- Mulingo woyenera kwambiri: MMO ma waya anode amachita bwino mu pH kuyambira 2 mpaka 13.

- Malo a Acid: Zinthu za acidic kwambiri (pH <2) zimatha kufulumizitsa kusungunuka kwa zokutira za oxide, makamaka zomwe zimakhudza gawo la ruthenium ndi iridium.

- Malo a Alkaline: Zinthu zamchere kwambiri (pH> 13) zitha kupangitsa kuti malo a anode asasunthike, kuchepetsa mphamvu yake.

M'malo okhala ndi pH yosinthasintha kapena yochulukirapo, kuwunika pafupipafupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera pH kungakhale kofunikira kuti atalikitse moyo wa anode.

3. Kuchuluka kwa Chloride:

Chloride ions imagwira ntchito ziwiri pakusintha ma waya a MMO anode. Ngakhale ma anodewa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo okhala ndi ma chloride ambiri ngati madzi a m'nyanja, kuchuluka kwa chloride kumatha kukhudza momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso moyo wawo wonse.

- Mulingo woyenera kwambiri: MMO waya anode imatha kulekerera kuchuluka kwa kloridi mpaka madzi a m'nyanja (pafupifupi 3.5% kapena 35,000 ppm).

- Kuchuluka kwa Chloride: Kuchuluka kwa chloride kungayambitse kusinthika kwa chlorine, zomwe zitha kufulumizitsa kuvala zokutira.

- Kulingalira kwa Chloride Yochepa: M'malo okhala ndi chloride yotsika kwambiri, anode imatha kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zitha kupangitsa kusinthika kwa okosijeni komanso kuvala mwachangu.

Pazogwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo okhala ndi ma chloride apamwamba, ma anode okhala ndi nyimbo zokongoletsedwa za kusinthika kwa klorini (monga, kuchuluka kwa ruthenium oxide okhala) atha kukhala abwino.

4. Oxygen Wosungunuka:

Kukhalapo kwa okosijeni wosungunuka mu electrolyte kumatha kukhudza kachitidwe ka electrochemical pamalo a anode ndipo, chifukwa chake, moyo wake wonse.

- Zotsatira za Oxygen: Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni wosungunuka kungayambitse kusinthika kwa okosijeni pamalo a anode, zomwe zitha kufulumizitsa kuvala zokutira.

- Malo a Anaerobic: M'malo okhala ndi okosijeni wochepa kwambiri, machitidwe osiyanasiyana a electrochemical amatha kulamulira, zomwe zingakhudze magwiridwe antchito a anode.

Kukonzekera koyenera kwa machitidwe otetezera cathodic, kuphatikizapo kulingalira kwa mpweya wa okosijeni, kungathandize kuchepetsa zotsatirazi.

5. Mayendedwe:

Kusuntha kwa electrolyte mozungulira anode kumatha kukhudza kwambiri moyo wake, makamaka m'malo amadzi.

- Mikhalidwe Yosasunthika: M'madzi akadali, ma gradients amatha kupanga pafupi ndi anode pamwamba, zomwe zingayambitse kusintha kwa pH komweko kapena kudzikundikira kwa zinthu zomwe zimachitika.

- Mitengo Yoyenda Kwambiri: Kuthamanga kwa madzi kungayambitse kukokoloka kwa zokutira za anode, makamaka ngati tinthu tating'ono tating'ono timakhalapo.

Kuyika bwino kwa anode komanso, nthawi zina, kugwiritsa ntchito zishango zoteteza kungathandize kuthana ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi kutuluka.

Pomaliza, pomwe ma MMO wire anode adapangidwa kuti azitha kupirira zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, moyo wawo wonse komanso magwiridwe ake amatha kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pomvetsetsa zochitika zachilengedwe izi ndikukhazikitsa njira zoyenera zochepetsera, mainjiniya ndi ogwira ntchito atha kukulitsa kuchita bwino komanso moyo wautali wa MMO waya anode m'mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana. Pamene kafukufukuyu akupitilira, titha kuyembekezera kuwonjezereka kwazinthu za anode ndi mapangidwe omwe amapereka mphamvu zolimba ku zovuta zachilengedwe.

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