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Tungsten crucibles Amadziwika ndi kukana kutentha kwapadera, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala amtengo wapatali pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha kwambiri. Ma crucibles awa amatha kupirira kutentha kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri kupitirira 3000 ° C (5432 ° F), yomwe ili pafupi ndi malo osungunuka a tungsten okha. Kutentha kochititsa chidwi kumeneku ndi chifukwa cha malo osungunuka a tungsten a 3422 ° C (6192 ° F), omwe ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa zitsulo zonse. Zotsatira zake, ma tungsten crucibles amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale omwe amafunikira zitsulo zosungunuka, zoumba, ndi zinthu zina pakutentha kwambiri.

Kodi ma tungsten crucibles amafananiza bwanji ndi zida zina zotentha kwambiri?

Ponena za ntchito zotentha kwambiri, ma tungsten crucibles amawonekera pakati pa zida zina chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kutentha kwambiri komanso kukhazikika. Tiyeni tifanizire ma tungsten crucibles ndi zida zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kutentha kwambiri:

1. Platinum crucibles: Ngakhale kuti platinamu imadziwika chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa mankhwala komanso kukana dzimbiri, imakhala ndi malo otsika osungunuka (1768 ° C kapena 3214 ° F) poyerekeza ndi tungsten. Izi zimapangitsa ma tungsten crucibles kukhala oyenera ntchito zomwe zimafuna kutentha pamwamba pa malo osungunuka a platinamu.
2. Ma crucibles a Ceramic: Zida monga alumina ndi zirconia zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakutentha kwambiri. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenthedwe otsika komanso amakhala opepuka kuposa tungsten. Ma crucibles a Tungsten amapereka kukana kwamphamvu kwamafuta ndipo amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri.
3. Ma graphite crucibles: Graphite imakhala ndi matenthedwe abwino kwambiri ndipo imatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri mumlengalenga. Komabe, imatulutsa okosijeni mwachangu mumlengalenga kutentha kwambiri, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake pazinthu zina. Komano, ma tungsten crucibles amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumlengalenga komanso mumlengalenga wotentha kwambiri.
4. Molybdenum crucibles: Molybdenum ndi chitsulo china chosakanizira chomwe chimakana kutentha kwambiri. Komabe, malo ake osungunuka (2623 ° C kapena 4753 ° F) ndi otsika kuposa a tungsten, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tungsten crucibles ikhale chisankho chomwe chimakonda kutentha kwambiri.

Tungsten crucibles amapambana mu ntchito zomwe kutentha kumaposa mphamvu za zipangizo zina. Ndiwothandiza makamaka popanga ma alloys apadera, kukula kwa kristalo limodzi, komanso kafukufuku wotentha kwambiri. Kuphatikizika kwa malo osungunuka kwambiri, kukhathamiritsa kwamafuta abwino, komanso kukana kugwedezeka kwamafuta kumapangitsa ma tungsten crucible kukhala chisankho choyenera kwa njira zambiri zomwe zimafuna kutentha kwambiri.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa ma tungsten crucibles?

Utali wamoyo wa ma tungsten crucibles umakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo, chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuzindikira kutalika kwa ma crucibles omwe angakwaniritse cholinga chawo. Kumvetsetsa zinthu izi ndikofunikira pakukhathamiritsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza ma tungsten crucibles pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri:

1. Kutentha kogwira ntchito: Ngakhale ma tungsten crucibles amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri, kuwonetsa kutentha kwanthawi yayitali pafupi ndi malo osungunuka amatha kufulumizitsa kuvala ndikuchepetsa moyo. Ndikofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito mulingo woyenera kutentha kuti mukhale ndi moyo wautali.
2. Kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono: Kutentha pafupipafupi komanso kuzizira kungayambitse kupsinjika kwamafuta muzinthu zowotcha. Pakapita nthawi, izi zingayambitse kutopa komanso kulephera. Kutentha pang'onopang'ono ndi kuziziritsa kungathandize kuchepetsa vutoli.
3. Chilengedwe cha Chemical: Ngakhale tungsten imalimbana ndi mankhwala ambiri, zinthu zina zimatha kuchita nawo pakatentha kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, tungsten imatha kupanga ma oxide osakhazikika pamaso pa okosijeni pamatenthedwe okwera. Kugwiritsira ntchito mpweya wotetezera kapena zokutira kungathandize kupeŵa zochitika zoterezi.
4. Kupsinjika kwamakina: Kukhudzidwa kwakuthupi, kusagwira bwino ntchito, kapena kukulitsa kosagwirizana ndi kutentha kumatha kuyambitsa kupsinjika kwamakina, komwe kungayambitse ming'alu kapena kupunduka. Kusamalira mosamala ndi chithandizo choyenera pakugwiritsa ntchito ndikofunikira.
5. Kuyera kwa tungsten: Kuyera kwa tungsten komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga crucible kumatha kukhudza momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso moyo wake wonse. Tungsten yoyera kwambiri nthawi zambiri imapereka kukana kwabwinoko ku kutentha kwambiri komanso kusintha kwamankhwala.
6. Mapeto a pamwamba: Maonekedwe a crucible amatha kukhudza momwe amagwirira ntchito. Malo osalala angathandize kupewa kumamatira kwa zinthu ndikupangitsa kuti kuyeretsa kukhale kosavuta, zomwe zingathe kukulitsa moyo wofunikira wa crucible.
7. Kuyeretsa ndi kukonza: Kuyeretsa nthawi zonse komanso moyenera kwa tungsten crucibles kumatha kuletsa kuchulukana kwa zonyansa zomwe zingakhudzidwe ndi crucible material kapena kusokoneza magwiridwe ake. Kukonzekera koyenera kumatha kukulitsa kwambiri moyo wa ma crucibles.
8. Kuyanjana kwazinthu: Zida zomwe zikukonzedwa mu crucible zingakhudzenso moyo wake. Zida zina zimatha kukhala zotakasuka ndi tungsten pakatentha kwambiri, zomwe zitha kubweretsa kukokoloka kapena kuipitsidwa kwa crucible pamwamba.

Kuti muchulukitse moyo wa ma tungsten crucibles, ndikofunikira kuganizira izi ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera. Izi zingaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya woteteza, kukhathamiritsa kwanthawi yotentha ndi kuziziritsa, kusankha kukula koyenera ndi makulidwe oyenera a pulogalamuyo, ndikutsatira malangizo a wopanga kuti agwiritse ntchito ndi kukonza.

Kuwunika pafupipafupi kwa tungsten crucibles nakonso ndikofunikira. Yang'anani zizindikiro za kutha, kusinthika, kapena kusakhazikika kwa pamwamba zomwe zingasonyeze kuti pakufunika kusinthidwa. Poyang'anira mosamala zinthuzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zabwino kwambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuwonjezera kwambiri moyo wothandiza wa ma tungsten crucibles awo, kuonetsetsa kuti akugwira ntchito mosasinthasintha pamagwiritsidwe ntchito otentha kwambiri.

Kodi ma tungsten crucibles angagwiritsidwe ntchito kusungunula mitundu yonse yazitsulo?

Ngakhale ma tungsten crucibles amadziwika chifukwa chokana kutentha kwapadera, sizoyenera konse kusungunula zitsulo zamitundu yonse. Kuyenerera kwa tungsten crucibles kusungunula zitsulo zenizeni kumadalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo malo osungunuka a zitsulo, reactivity yake ndi tungsten, ndi momwe zimapangidwira. Tiyeni tiwufufuze mwatsatanetsatane mutuwu:

1. Zitsulo zosungunuka kwambiri: Mitsuko ya Tungsten ndiyoyenera kwambiri kusungunuka zitsulo zokhala ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, monga molybdenum, tantalum, ndi rhenium. Zitsulozi zimakhala ndi malo osungunuka pansi pa tungsten, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tungsten crucibles akhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri chokhala nawo mumkhalidwe wawo wosungunuka.
2. Zitsulo zosakanizika: Zitsulo zina zokana ngati niobium ndi zirconium zimathanso kusungunuka muzitsulo za tungsten. Komabe, kusamala kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti kupewe kuipitsidwa, chifukwa ngakhale tingsten yaying'ono yomwe imasungunuka muzitsulozi imatha kusintha kwambiri zinthu zake.
3. Zitsulo zamtengo wapatali: Mitsuko ya Tungsten ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusungunula zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golide, siliva, ndi platinamu. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwazitsulozi, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe kuipitsidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomangira.
4. Zitsulo zowonongeka: Zitsulo zina, monga titaniyamu ndi aluminiyamu, zimakhala zogwira ntchito kwambiri pakatentha kwambiri ndipo zimatha kupanga ma alloys kapena mankhwala ndi tungsten. Kuchitanso kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ma tungsten crucible asakhale oyenera kusungunula zitsulo izi, chifukwa zimatha kuwononga kusungunuka ndi kuwonongeka kwa crucible.
5. Zitsulo zotsika kwambiri: Pazitsulo zokhala ndi malo ochepa osungunuka, monga lead, zinki, kapena malata, zitsulo za tungsten sizifunikira. Zida zina zomangira zomwe zimakhala zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakonda zitsulo izi.
6. Zitsulo zachitsulo: Chitsulo ndi chitsulo zimatha kusungunuka mu tungsten crucibles, koma chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kutengedwa kuti tipewe kuipitsidwa kwa carbon, komwe kungakhudze katundu wa tungsten crucible pakapita nthawi.

Poganizira kugwiritsa ntchito tungsten crucibles kusungunula zitsulo, ndikofunika kuganizira zinthu zingapo:

• Malo osungunuka: Malo osungunuka achitsulo ayenera kukhala pansi pa tungsten kuti atsimikizire kuti crucible imasunga kukhulupirika kwake panthawi yosungunuka.
• Chemical reactivity: Zitsulo zina zimatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi tungsten pakatentha kwambiri, kupanga ma aloyi kapena zinthu zomwe zimatha kuyipitsa kusungunuka kapena kuwononga crucible.
• Atmosphere: Mpweya wosungunuka (vacuum, gasi wa inert, kapena mpweya) ukhoza kusokoneza mgwirizano pakati pa chitsulo chosungunuka ndi tungsten crucible.
• Kutalika kwa kusungunuka: Kusungunuka kwa nthawi yayitali kumawonjezera mwayi wa zochitika pakati pa chitsulo chosungunuka ndi crucible material.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha: Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa kutentha pakati pa zitsulo zomwe zimasungunuka ndi tungsten crucible kungayambitse kupsinjika ndi kusweka kwa crucible.

Kuti muwonetsetse zotsatira zabwino mukamagwiritsa ntchito tungsten crucibles posungunula zitsulo, ganizirani izi:

1. Gwiritsani ntchito zitsulo za tungsten zoyera kwambiri kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa.
2. Gwiritsirani ntchito mlengalenga woteteza kapena mpweya wotsekemera mukasungunula zitsulo.
3. Chotsani bwino ndikukonzekera crucible musanagwiritse ntchito kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa pakati pa zosungunuka zosiyanasiyana.
4. Yang'anirani kutentha mosamala kuti mupewe kutenthedwa, zomwe zingawonjezere chiopsezo cha zomwe zimachitika pakati pa kusungunuka ndi crucible.
5. Ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira kapena zomangira za tungsten crucible posungunula zitsulo zotakasuka.

Pomaliza, nthawi zitsulo za tungsten ndizosatentha kwambiri ndipo ndizoyenera kusungunula zitsulo zamitundu yambiri, sizitha kukwanira mulingo umodzi. Kusankhidwa kwa crucible material kuyenera kuganiziridwa mosamala potengera zitsulo zenizeni zomwe zimasungunuka, kusungunuka, ndi chiyero chofunidwa cha mankhwala omaliza. Nthawi zina, zida zopangira crucible kapena njira zapadera zosungunulira zitha kukhala zoyenera pazitsulo zina.

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